近十几年上海空气质量变化动态及主要污染指标间的相关性分析  

The Changing Trends of Air Quality in Recent ten Years and the Correlations among the Main Pollution Materials in Shanghai City

作　　者：王寿兵[1] 汪远安 马小雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期229-233,共5页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

摘　　要：分析了近20年来上海空气质量的变化情况,同时研究了总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）浓度与降尘量相关性,可吸入颗粒物（PM10）浓度与降尘量、二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）浓度相关性,以及酸雨频率与SO2、NO2浓度相关性.发现上海空气质量优良率、TSP,PM10,SO2和NO2浓度以及全市区域降尘量等指标均呈波浪式改善趋势,但酸雨频率和酸度呈恶化趋势.城区和全市TSP浓度与城区降尘强度、城区PM10浓度与全市区域降尘量及城区NO2浓度间均表现出极显著的相关关系.城区PM10浓度与道路降尘量关系不如与全市区域降尘量密切,与城区SO2浓度之间无显著相关性.全市酸雨频率与城区SO2浓度在1990-1999年有极显著相关性,在2000-2013年无显著相关,在1997-2013年与城区NO2浓度无明显相关.有效降低降尘量将是降低TSP和PM10浓度的有效手段之一;严格控制城市机动车等NOx排放量,是控制城区PM10污染的有效手段之一.Changes of the air quality in Shanghai in recent 20 years were analyze＆ Meanwhile, the correlations,which exist between the Total Suspension Particles （TSP） concentration and the amount of dustfall, betweenInhalable Particles（PM10） and the amount of dustfall, between the Sulfur Dioxide（SO2） and the Nitrogen Dioxide（NO2） concentration, as well as between the Acid Rain Frequency（ARF） and the SOz, NOz concentration, werestudied, respectively. The results showed that the qualification rate of air quality, the TSP, PM10, SO2, NChconcentrations and the amount of urban dustfall fluctuated in the past twenty years, but the ARF and theprecipitation acidity showed ascendant trend. The significant correlations were both observed between the TSPconcentrations of whole city or urbanization and the urban dustfaU intensity, between urban PM10 concentrationand the city＇s average amount of dustfall as well as the urban NCh concentration. The urban PM10 concentrationshowed higher correlations with the urban road dusfall than with the whole city＇s average dustfall, and nosignificant correlation with the SCh concentration. The ARF showed highly significant correlations with the urbanSOz concentration during 1990-1999. However, there were no significant correlations between ARF and theurban SO2 concentration during 2000-2013, as well as no significant correlations between ARF and the urbanNCh concentration during 1997-2013. Therefore, reducing the whole city or urban dustfall is one of the effectivemeans to reduce the TSP and PM10 concentration, and controlling the NO2 emissions of urban motor vehicles isalso one of the effective means to control PM10 pollution.

关 键 词：空气质量 变化趋势 相关性 上海 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]