冬虫夏草产地的政治和文化传导——阿尼玛卿山虫草社会的经济人类学研究  

Political and Cultural Transmission in the Origin of Winterworm Summerherb:Economic Anthropology Studies of Caterpillar Fungus Society in Animaqing Area

作　　者：范长风[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院,上海200062

出　　处：《西藏研究》2015年第2期37-47,共11页Tibetan Studies

摘　　要：阿尼玛卿山虫草经济经历了三个不同形态和阶段:开放式的散挖阶段,人们争相涌入草原采挖虫草,个人获利,草原生态破坏加剧;禁而不止的限采/禁采阶段,草原承包制推行之初有名无实,外来人口难以控制;合同承包的市场经济阶段,草原承包制推行,草原收益和管护归牧民,政府从利益相关者转变为社会服务者,社会、市场和草原生态步入有序轨道。政治传导给虫草社会带来一系列正负反馈:牧民生计机会与草原生态压力;虫草经济的繁荣与草原不可持续;市场波动与贪腐之风。文化传导在经济领域的强弱是由社会语境决定的。Animaqing economy of winterworm summerherb has gone through three different patterns and stages under policy transmission. During the open gathering stage,people poured into the grassland for in- dividual interests. Digging and gathering worsened grassland ecological problem. During the stage of ineffi- cient limit/ban,the grassland contract system existed levels got involved in caterpillar fungus and shared control. During the contractual market economy in the name only in the beginning. Governments at all profits,so the number of extraneous people lost stage,grassland contract system was carried out intensive- ly. The rights of grassland yield and protection belonged to herders; governments as stakeholder were transformed into the role of social service;society,market and grassland ecology has already been put on the right track. Political transmission brought to Chong- cao society a series of positive and negative feedback ：chance of herders＇ livelihood and also ecological stress;gathering economic prosperity and grass- land unsustainability;market fluctuation and official corruption. The strength of cultural transmission for e- conomic life depends on the big social context.

关 键 词：虫草 政策传导 文化传导 市场 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]