嗜酸微生物与生物冶金技术  

Acidophilic Microorganisms and Bioleaching Technology

作　　者：周洪波[1] 毛峰[1] 王玉光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015年第2期269-276,共8页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51074195);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201205020)

摘　　要：生物圈中广泛分布着自然酸性环境和人造酸性环境,为嗜酸微生物(最适生长p H<3)提供了生存场所。嗜酸微生物在铁和硫等重要元素的地球化学循环等方面起着重要作用,可应用于冶金领域,具有流程短、成本低、环境友好等优势,目前已经成功地应用于铜、金、铀等金属的提取,成为世界矿物加工的前沿技术。该技术在国外已经实现工业化生产,中国也在逐步推广应用,但仍然存在浸出率和浸出效率低等问题。本文主要介绍嗜酸微生物和生物冶金技术的研究进展,为加强基础理论和应用技术研究提供启示。Natural and man-made acidic environments distribute widely in the bios spaces for acidophilic microorganisms whose optimal growing pH is （or below ere, which provides ecological niche 3. Acidophilic microorganisms are important geological microorganisms, which have great contributions to biogeochemical cycles, such as S and Fe cycles. Bioleaching, a technique of using acidophilic microorganisms to recover precious or base metals, owns unparalleled advantages, such as simple process, low capital investment, and environment friendly character. The technique is a frontier technology in the field of mineral processing and has been widely employed to extract copper, gold, uranium, etc. Bioleaching has been successfully applied in many industries of developed foreign countries. The technology has also been gradually applied in industrial production in China. However, there are still some problems, such as the low leaching effi- ciency and the low total recovery. The main aim of this review is to give useful insights into acidophilic microorganisms and bioleaching technology, as well as to review development trends of this field, which will provide inspirations for strengthening fundamental and applied researches.

关 键 词：嗜酸微生物 酸性环境 生物冶金 

分 类 号：TF18[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]