技术创新、技术标准化与市场结构——基于1985—2012年“中国电子信息企业百强”数据  

Technological Innovation,Technology Standardization and Market Structure——Based on the Data of the "Top 100 China's Electronic and Information Companies"

作　　者：杨蕙馨[1,2] 王硕[1] 王军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学管理学院,山东济南250100 [2]山东省协同创新软科学研究基地,山东济南250100

出　　处：《经济管理》2015年第6期21-31,共11页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：教育部创新团队"产业组织与企业成长"(IRT13029);国家社会科学基金重大项目"构建现代产业发展新体系研究"(13&ZD019)

摘　　要：许多产业中企业的竞争方式已从过去价格、规模、技术竞争发展到标准竞争。技术标准化是企业进行标准竞争的基本方式。技术创新、技术标准化和市场结构之间相互影响。本文采用1985—2012年"中国电子信息企业百强"数据,探讨电子信息产业领域三者之间的内在关系,发现技术创新和技术标准化是市场集中度的重要影响因素,中国电子信息产业技术专利数量对市场集中度产生一定影响,新技术的出现在初期对现有市场结构冲击较大,但实力强大的优势企业很快适应并迅速发挥其研发能力,技术标准化将强化优势企业的市场地位,形成"强者愈强"的局面;技术创新与技术标准化之间互为因果,丰富的技术专利成果为企业技术标准化战略提供更大选择空间,而技术标准化的加强会减少重复性技术研发活动,且能加速研发成果扩散传播,有助于在更高水平上实现技术突破。At present, competition among enterprises focuses on standards, instead of prices or technologies. Standardization is the basic form of the enterprise competition for standards. Technological innovation, technical standardization and market structure are mutually affected and interacted in the same market space. However, the extant empirical researches mostly focus on the relationship of technical standards with technical innovation, indus- trial growth, and industrial competitiveness, lack of the systematical explanation on internal logic of technical inno- vation, technology standardization and market structure. This paper holds a systematic model including these three elements. Firstly, increasing market concentration strengthens the market power of large firms, and gives them more incentives to make their own technologies to become the industry-level technical standards （for some indus- tries, a high market shares means a strong installed base） . This effect depends on technical standards＇ compatibil- ity and openness. Secondly, the emergence of technological innovations provides more choices for the establishment of technical standards in the market, but meanwhile, also produces greater uncertainty. The process of technology standardization helps the technological innovation to become standards, but perhaps reduces the technology diversi- ty, so the future direction of technology development is subject to the existing technical standards, and arises ＂path dependence＂. Thirdly, technological innovation may greatly affect the existing market structure. The commercial- ization of the R ＆ D achievements held by large enterprises makes ＂the strong stronger＂, and the technological in- novation launched by small enterprises may shake the status of the large enterprises. Theoretically, large enterprises are able to allocate more resources for R＆D, in order to make greater achievement. But small enterprises may be more active facing uncertainties and opportunities in the market. The improvement of i

关 键 词：技术创新 技术标准化 市场结构 电子信息产业 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]