地膜覆盖对玉米田间土壤含水率和地温变化的影响  

Effect of Film Mulching on Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature in Eastern Inner Mongolia Rain-fed Black Soil Area

作　　者：孙仕军[1] 许志浩[1] 张旭东[1] 夏桂敏[1] 迟道才[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《玉米科学》2015年第3期91-98,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303125);辽宁省教育厅高校科研项目(2009A630);国家青年基金项目(31200392)

摘　　要：2013年5-10月在内蒙古阿荣旗进行大田玉米膜下滴灌试验,测定玉米苗期、拔节期、灌浆期及成熟期不同深度土层土壤含水率和土壤温度,研究覆膜（滴灌）和裸地对玉米田间土壤含水率及土壤地温变化的影响。结果表明,在玉米整个生育期,覆膜条件下0-60 cm层土壤含水率高于常规裸地,玉米蜡熟期两种处理田间土壤含水率变化不明显;玉米生育期内0-20 cm层土壤平均含水率均高于播前土壤含水率,生育后期21-60 cm土壤含水率均低于播前土壤含水率。降雨对土壤温度的影响较为显著,雨后土壤表层温度急剧下降,25 cm以下深层土壤温度下降相对缓慢;地膜覆盖对玉米苗期和拔节期增温效果明显,平均增温2℃左右,对玉米生长发育有积极作用,灌浆期及玉米生育后期覆膜增温作用不明显。The experiment was conducted in Arong Qi county of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region from May to October2013, and maize varieties were separately planted at the sites with plastic film mulching and without mulching. The basic experimental objective was toexplore the effects of covering plastic film（with drip irrigation if necessary） on field soil moisture and temperature. The soil moisture and temperature in different soil profile depth were measuredin the germination period, jointing, the whole growing period of maize, under the two filling and maturity period. The results showed that, throughout experimental processing modes（with film mulching and without mulching） soil moisture dynamic trends were basically consistent. Soil moisture under covering condition in 0-60 cm soil layer was higher than that in bare ground, which didn＇t change significantly in maize dough stage. The aver- age soil moisture in surface soil layer（0-20 cm） was higher than that before sowing. Soil moisture in 21-60 cm soil layer waslower than the before sowing in the later growth stage; The impact of rainfall on soil temperature is more sig- nificant, soil surface temperature droppedrapidly after the rainfall, and the 25 cm deeper soil temperature dropped relatively slowly. Film mulching could increase soil temperature obviously in seedling and jointing, which had a pos- itive effect on maize growth, with an average temperature increase of about 2~C, anyway the temperature increasing effect was not obvious on maize filling stage and later growth stage.

关 键 词：玉米 地膜覆盖 土壤含水率 土壤温度 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]