不同施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Nitrogen Rates on Nitrogen Absorption,Translocation and Yield of Spring Maize

作　　者：侯云鹏[1] 孔丽丽[1] 李前[1] 尹彩侠[1] 秦裕波[1] 杨建[1] 于雷[1] 张磊[1] 谢佳贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2015年第3期136-142,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划(20130305031NY);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B02;2012BAD04B02);中国-国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)合作项目(BFDP-Jilin-2013)

摘　　要：采用田间试验研究吉林省中部玉米主产区不同氮水平对玉米产量、氮素吸收、转运及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可以提高干物质最大积累速率和氮素最大吸收速率,并能提前干物质最大积累速率和氮素最大吸收速率出现的天数。在施N 60-180 kg/hm2之间,玉米产量、干物质最大积累速率、氮素最大吸收速率、转运量、转运率及子粒中养分比例等指标均有显著提高;超过N180 kg/hm2,干物质最大积累速率、氮素最大吸收速率、转运量、转运率及子粒中养分比例等指标开始下降。根据玉米产量（y）和施氮量（x）拟合得出,最高产量氮肥用量为184.2 kg/hm2,最佳经济产量氮肥用量为172.9 kg/hm2。氮素农学利用率、氮肥当季回收率及偏生产力随着氮肥用量的提高而显著降低。综合考虑提高玉米产量、效益和氮肥利用效率等方面的要求,在吉林省中部玉米主产区,适宜施氮量为172.9 kg/hm2。A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen rates on yield, nitrogen ab- sorption, translocation and nitrogen utilization efficiency in the maize producing areas, Jilin province. The results showed that the biggest accumulation rate of dry matter and the biggest absorption rate of nitrogen were improved and their dates were in advance by nitrogen fertilizer application. Ranged from 60-180 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer application, there were significantly improved on yield, the biggest accumulation rate of dry matter, the biggest ab- sorption rate of nitrogen, translocation amount, translocation efficiency and ratio of nutrients in grain, but the index of them were declined over N 180 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer application. The maximum yield and the optimum eco- nomic output of nitrogen fertilizer application were 184.2 kg/ha and 172.9 kg/ha by simulating between maize yield （y） and nitrogen fertilizer application（x）, respectively. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen recovery efficiency in season and partial factor productivity were significantly declined with the increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, respectively. Comprehensive the yield, benefit, nitrogen utilization efficiency and the environmental protection, the optimum nitrogen fertilizer application was 172.9 kg/ha in the maize producing areas in Jilin province.

关 键 词：春玉米 氮水平 产量 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]