三人问题解决中的惯例:测量及合作水平的影响  

Routines in Three-Person Problem Solving: Measurement and the Effect of Different Collaborative Level

作　　者：张梅[1] 辛自强[1] 林崇德[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学社会发展学院心理系,北京100081 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《心理学报》2015年第6期814-825,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学规划项目(13JYC016);科技部基础工作专项项目(2013IM030200);中央财经大学科研创新团队支持计划资助

摘　　要：基于互联网技术,以加10游戏为实验任务探讨了三人合作问题解决中的惯例现象。实验1探讨了加10游戏中惯例现象的描述方法和测量指标。结果表明,加10游戏中的惯例现象既可从行为、认知和情感3大类、7方面指标进行描述和测量;也可以从个体与群体两个层面进行快速判断并进行惯例化程度的描述。实验2探讨了不同合作水平下惯例化程度的差异。结果表明,完全不合作情境下惯例化程度最高,有条件合作情境下次之,完全合作情况下惯例化程度最低。研究构建了惯例及惯例化程度的描述指标体系并发现惯例是合作不良情境下的最优选择,这为未来合作问题解决中的惯例研究提供了思路。Routines are some kind of patterned behaviors or strategies when solving the same problem repeatedly. This issue has gained wide concern in different fields of social science. Since 1994, this phenomenon has been studied experimentally by Cohen and Bacdayan （1994） using the task ofTransform The Target（TTT）. However, this task has not gained as much attention asTower of Hanoiin problem solvingbecause of its complexity and uncontrollability. Searching for appropriate experimental task of routines is necessary. The “sum 10” game, which was developed by Novarese （2003） for group learning research is one of the appropriate. Based on the sum 10 game, the purpose of this research was to： （1） verify and depict the phenomenon of routines in three-person problem solving, and develop the index of routinization; （2） investigate the effect of different cooperation levels on routinization. According to the requirements of the study purpose, two electronic programs were developed based on a software development technology called LAMP, which is the combination of software Linux, Apache, Mysql and PHP for building network platform. In Experiment 1, 93 undergraduates were randomly assigned into 31 groups to complete 28 rounds of the sum 10 game cooperatively. After the experiment, we interviewed all these 93 participants to learn about the process of the cooperation in the sum 10 game among the three group members. In Experiment 2, 96 undergraduates were randomly assigned to three treatment levels： full cooperation, conditional cooperation and noncooperation levels. Participants completed 28 round of the sum 10 game with two fake participants in three game rooms on the internet platform. Computer automatically recorded all performance of the participants in two experiments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the phenomenon of routines existed obviously in the sum 10 game. Routines were confirmed and measured by two methods. Firstly, it can be confirmed and described by the following 7 indexes in th

关 键 词：惯例 加10游戏 问题解决 测量 合作 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]