粉煤灰中稀有金属镓-铌-稀土的联合提取  

Combined extraction of rare metals Ga-Nb-REE from the fly ash

作　　者：刘汇东 田和明 邹建华 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]重庆地质矿产研究院,重庆400000

出　　处：《科技导报》2015年第11期39-43,共5页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2014CB238902);教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13099)

摘　　要：采用碱法烧结-分步浸出法,对重庆安稳电厂循环流化床粉煤灰中Ga、Nb、REE等稀有金属进行了联合提取实验。结果表明,粉煤灰加无水碳酸钠在860℃下烧结30 min,采用水浸法提取Ga,采用酸浸法提取REE,Ga、REE的提取率分别达到84.70%和80.07%;Nb在两步浸出实验中的浸出率均低于1%,但在酸浸滤渣中得到富集。采用D201离子交换树脂和NH4Cl(0.5 mol/L)溶液在40℃下对富Ga水浸滤液中的Ga进行吸附与解吸附,Ga的吸附率(27.99%)、解吸附率(37.33%)偏低,可能与解吸附液用量不足和水浸滤液中Al离子竞争吸附有关,后续将通过改进实验条件提升Ga的分离提取效果;酸浸液中REE及酸浸渣中Nb的分离提取工艺尚需进一步研究。通过上述稀有金属Ga、Nb、REE的联合提取及后续工作,可实现安稳电厂粉煤灰的高附加值利用,有效缓解粉煤灰造成的环境污染。Alkali sintering-muhistep leaching experiments are carried out to extract the rare metals Ga, Nb and REE （rare earthelements） from the fly ash in the circulating fluidized bed （CFB） generated from the Anwen Coal-fired Power Plant in Chongqing,Southwest China. It is shown that, the roasting of the CFB fly ash with 1.5 times Na2CO3 under 860℃ for 30 minutes, followed by thewater leaching （Solid/Liquid （S/L）=I 10; 90℃; 2 hours） extraction of Ga and the acid leaching （HCI solution, 6 mol/L; S/L= 1 ： 20;60℃; 2 hours） extraction of REE, can achieve extraction rates of 84.70% and 80.07% for Ga and REE, respectively. The leachingrate of Niobium （Nb） enriched in the acid leaching residue, is lower than 1% in the above two steps. Adsorption and desorptionexperiments of Gallium from the Ga-rich water leaching filtrate using the D201 ion exchange resin and NH4C1 solution （0.5 mol/L） arecarried out both under a temperature of 40℃. The adsorption rate （27.99%） and the desorption rate （37.33%） of Ga are unsatisfactory.The conditions of the follow-up experiments would be adjusted in order to enhance the separation and extraction effect of Ga. Theextraction process of Nb from the acid leaching residue and the separation of REE from the acid leaching solution also need to befurther studied. With the above combined extraction technology for Ga, Nb, REE and subsequent studies, a high value-added fly ashproduct is expected. The environmental pollution pressure caused by the Anwen fly ash might be alleviated.

关 键 词：粉煤灰 稀有金属 镓 铌 稀土 联合提取 

分 类 号：X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]