风险沟通中的专家依赖:以转基因技术报道为例  

Dependence on Experts in Risk Communication:An Analysis on Reports of Genetic Modification Technology

作　　者：戴佳[1] 曾繁旭[1] 郭倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2015年第5期32-45,126-127,共14页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：清华大学自主科研计划课题"环境传播与生态文明建设"(项目编号:20141081147)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：随着现代科技对生命、健康、环境的影响日益显著,科技的潜在风险成为社会生活中的重要话题。基于科技风险的不确定性及专业技术认知的高门槛,专家的解释对于公众理解科技议题至关重要。在目前饱受争议的转基因话题中,专家与媒体意见在引导公众舆论中起着决定性作用。针对《人民日报》《科技日报》和《南方都市报》转基因技术报道中专家信源的内容分析发现,媒体对转基因技术的报道高度依赖专家信源,且大体上与专家保持一致的态度立场。媒体较少呈现专家之间、专家与公众之间的观点争锋,即使三家报纸对专家观点的引用存在一定程度的差异。以消除专业知识垄断与开放风险决策结构为特征的风险沟通的"民主范式"应成为对重视专业知识与权威的"科技范式"的有益补充。As technology increasingly impacts people's life,health and the environment,the potential risk of technology becomes an important issue.Due to the uncertainty of technology risk and the cognition difficulty of technical knowledge,how experts explain risk plays a core role in the public's understanding of technology.In the currently controversial issue of genetic modification(GM) technology,comments from experts and media shape public's understanding Content analysis of coverage on GM technology from People's Daily,Science and Technology Daily and Southern Metropolis Daily finds that media coverage on GM technology relies on and is consistent with experts' viewpoint.These three newspapers rarely present controversies among experts,as well as controversies between the experts and the public,although there is difference among the three newspapers on citing experts' opinion.The ' democracy model' of risk communication that emphasizes breaking knowledge monopoly and opening decisionmaking process,therefore,should be complemented by the ' scientific model' that emphasizes expertise and authority of knowledge.

关 键 词：风险传播 转基因技术 专家 科技范式 民主范式 

分 类 号：G212[文化科学—新闻学]