家蚕、蓖麻蚕和天蚕的茧丝结构比较  

A Com parison on Structure of Cocoon Filaments from Mulberry Silkworm,Eri-silkworm and Giant Silkworm

作　　者：张阳阳[1] 李菁[1] 赵丰 周旸 郑海玲 吴子婴[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学材料与纺织学院,杭州310018 [2]丝织品文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,中国丝绸博物馆,杭州310002

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2015年第3期491-497,共7页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：浙江省文物局文物保护科技项目(No.2012005)

摘　　要：为了满足丝织品文物鉴定的需要,采用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、热重分析、氨基酸分析等检测技术,对家蚕茧丝和蓖麻蚕茧丝、天蚕茧丝的外观形态与丝蛋白分子构象进行研究。家蚕茧丝的横截面积小,但圆整度较高;蓖麻蚕茧丝、天蚕茧丝的横截面积大,但形状较扁平。傅里叶变换红外图谱964 cm-1处吸收峰可作为区分家蚕茧丝和其他2种蚕茧茧丝的依据,而780 cm-1处吸收峰又可作为区分天蚕茧丝和蓖麻蚕茧丝的依据;家蚕茧丝与其他2种蚕茧茧丝的丝蛋白分子构象类似,均以β-折叠为主。3种茧丝的结晶度大小、热分解温度由高到低依次为天蚕茧丝、蓖麻蚕茧丝、家蚕茧丝。与其他2种茧丝相比,家蚕茧丝蛋白中小侧基氨基酸的比率较高,结晶化相对较容易。综合各项检测分析结果可知,家蚕茧丝和其他2种蚕茧茧丝的结构差异显著,蓖麻蚕茧丝、天蚕茧丝的聚集态结构较家蚕茧丝更为紧密。Due to the needs of identification of the antique silks, morphological structure and molecular conformation of mulberry silkworm cocoon filaments, eri-silkworm cocoon filaments and giant silkworm cocoon filaments were studied by using detection technologies including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ FTIR）, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimet- ric analysis and amino acid analysis. The cross-sectional area of mulberry cocoon filaments is small, while the roundness degree is large. The cross-sectional area of eri-silkworm cocoon filaments and giant silkworm cocoon filaments is large, while both of which are flat. In the FTIR spectrum, the absorption peak at 964 cm-1 is the basis of distinguishing mulberry silkworm cocoon filaments from the other two cocoon filaments, and the absorption peak at 780 cm-1 is the basis of dis- tinguishing giant silkworm cocoon filaments from eri-silkworm cocoon filaments. The molecular conformation of mulberry silkworm cocoon filaments and the other two cocoon filaments is similar. The content of/3-sheet was all the highest. The crystallinity and thermal decomposition temperature from high to low were in the order of giant silkworm cocoon filaments, eri-silkworm cocoon filaments, and mulberry silkworm cocoon filament. The content of amino acids with small side groups in silk protein of mulberry silkworm cocoon filament was higher than that of the other two cocoon filaments, indicating that the crystallization of mulberry silkworm cocoon filament is relatively easy. The above analyses reveal that there is significant difference between mulberry silk- worm cocoon filaments and the other 2 cocoon filaments, and the aggregation structure of eri-silkworm cocoon filaments and giant silkworm cocoon filaments is tighter than mulberry silkworm cocoon filaments.

关 键 词：家蚕茧丝 蓖麻蚕茧丝 天蚕茧丝 形貌结构 分子构象 聚集态结构 

分 类 号：TS102.33[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]