圆形及长形精子发生的相关基因  

Spermatogenesis related genes： circular and elongated spermatids

作　　者：张文杰[1] 陈琪[2] 周好乐[2] 于泊洋[1] 刘陶迪[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学基础医学院心身医学研究室,呼和浩特010110 [2]内蒙古医科大学基础医学院遗传学教研室,呼和浩特010110

出　　处：《国际遗传学杂志》2015年第3期166-173,共8页International Journal of Genetics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81260111）

摘　　要：精子发生（spermatogenesis）是一个特殊的雄性生殖细胞分化的过程，由一系列复杂步骤相互协调来完成。哺乳动物的精子发生是指精原细胞经过有丝分裂，减数分裂成为圆形精子细胞，圆形精子细胞经过一系列的形态结构和生化反应变化成长形精子细胞，最终在附睾尾发育成具有繁殖能力的成熟精子。此过程中受到多种因素调控。近年来随着基因的克隆、表达和功能的研究技术不断发展，发现了许多参与圆形精子和长形精子发生的相关基因，而且有的基因被证明在圆形精子及长形精子的发生中具有重要作用。但是对许多现象的关键基因还所知甚少，需要进一步的探索研究。本文则针对精子发生过程中圆形精子及长形精子发生相关基因作了较为详细的综述。Spermatogenesis is a special process of male germ cell differentiation completed through a series of complex mutually coordinated steps. Mammalian spermatogenesis consists of three stages： mitosis in spermatogonia, meiosis in spermatocytes, and spermiogenesis. During spermiogensis, round spermatids undergo complex morphological, biochemical, and physiological modifications, resulting in the formation of matured spermatozoa under precisely spatiotemporal regulation. This process is affected by many factors. With the development of technology in studying gene cloning, expression and function, many genes-associated with the spermatogenesis of round and elongated spermatids were found recently, some of which play important roles in the spermatogenesis of these two types of spermatids. However, the key genes for many phenomena in spermatogenesis are still poorly understood and further studies are needed. This paper provides a detailed review for the genes related to round and elongated spermatids in the sper- matogenesis.

关 键 词：精子发生 圆形精子 长形精子 基因 

分 类 号：R321.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]