牛羊粪便资源化利用研究——基于全国和临夏县两个层面的分析  

Potential Utilization of Sheep and Cattle Manure:from the Perspectives of Nationwide and Linxia Region

作　　者：韩枫[1] 朱立志[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京10081

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第6期167-173,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"应对牧区草场退化的补偿机制研究"(编号:71173221);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目"农业资源环境经济与政策研究"(编号:ASTIP-IAED-2015-07)

摘　　要：草食畜牧业是我国目前乃至今后发展的重点,伴随饲养比重的增加,畜禽粪便污染问题也随之而来。为避免面源污染,维护良好的农业农村环境,提升我国生物质能源利用潜能,本文以牛羊粪便资源化利用为研究对象,选取甘肃省临夏回族自治州临夏县和全国作为研究区域,对牛羊粪便资源化利用作出梳理,分别对作为农家肥(肥料化利用)和沼气资源加以利用的潜能作出测算。以农业部发布的养殖业产排污系数和相关养分含量系数为基础,将我国2013年牛、羊粪便的COD折算成相应的折标煤,将TN(氮)和TP(磷)折算成尿素、过磷酸钙、磷酸二铵等常用肥料,对牛羊粪便资源化利用作了初步评估。2013年牛羊粪便可产生氮5 143 400 t,折合尿素11 181 300 t;产生磷733 600 t,折合过磷酸钙12 018 300 t。全国牛类粪便COD排放量为118 183 200 t(奶牛30 310 700 t,肉牛65 912 000 t),羊粪便COD排放量为48 800 t,牛羊粪便共可产生沼气资源53 713 900 m3,约38 351 700 kg标准煤。同时,以甘肃省临夏县作为对象,结合调研数据,得出2013年临夏县牛羊粪便COD产生量合计约48 145 269.74 kg,折算出沼气标煤当量为28 176.82 t;含氮量为2 557.18 t,含磷量为256.40 t,折算成化肥相当于5 559.09 t尿素和4 200.48 t过磷酸钙,或者1 050.12 t磷酸二铵和5.19 t尿素。因此,牛羊粪便资源化利用可以产生节本、增效、环保的叠加作用。政府要加大技术指导和财政扶持力度,尤其在贫困地区,要以畜禽粪便资源化利用推动当地脱贫进程,同时提升土壤质量,提高农产品产地安全保障。考虑到散户比例较大,尤其在西部地区,建议尽快建立政府引导、合作社带动的牛羊粪便收集利用机制。Plant-eating animal husbandry is the key field at present and in the future in our country, for the develspment of breeding, livestock and poultry excrement pollution was followed, To avoid unnecessary non-point pollution maintaining a good agricultural enuronment and enhance the utilization of biogas energy of china,this paper tries to find the clues from this perspective. In this paper, the courntryaide and Linxia county which located in the Linxia hui autonomous prefecture in Gansu province were selected as the study cases. Through the analysis of manwre utilization, farm manure （fertilizer utilization） and potential utilization of brogas energy were calculated respectively. To reasonably assess the potential utilization of cattle and sheep manure, this study adapted the essence of previous articles, basing on the nutrient content coefficient and research outcomes officially released by Agriculture Ministry of China in 2009, measured and calculated the potentialities of manure around China in 2013. Besides, converted standard coal, fertilizer （such as urea superphosphate, diammonium phosphate ）were also calculated by the capacity of COD, TN （nitrogen）, TP （P） rooted in the manure. Meanwhile, Linxia region was proved as the case study, which stands for the typical poverty county in the northwest of China. In Linxia region, the total amount of COD capacity from cattle and sheep manure was 48 145 269.74 kg, which can converted into biogas coal equivalent 28 176.82 t. The total amount of TN and TP was 2 557.18 t and 256.40 t respectively, which can be converted into equivalent fertilizer of urea（ about 5 559.09 t ） and superphosphate（ about 4 200.48 t）, or equivalent diammonium phosphate and urea of 1 050.12 t and 5.19 t respectively. Study results show that, reasonable manure utilization will bring about fmitful effects wich cost saving,benetificial availability and friendly environment, the govemment should exert its strength on technological guidance and fmancial supports, especially in

关 键 词：粪便资源化利用 能源潜力 面源污染 氮磷养分系数 COD 

分 类 号：S-9[农业科学]