基蘖氮肥施用时期对寒地水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Timing of Applied Basic and Tillering Nitrogen on Yield and Fertilizer-N Use Efficiency of Rice in Cold Area

作　　者：孙文宏[1] 纪伟波[1] 陈秋雪 张明聪[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农垦总局牡丹江管理局种子管理局,密山158300 [2]黑龙江省八五六农场 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2015年第3期1-6,共6页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B04)

摘　　要：试验于2011-2012年在黑龙江省八五六农场进行,以空育131为材料,采用随机区组设计,研究了不同时期施用基蘖氮肥对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。试验结果表明：当基肥正常施用时,插秧期施蘖肥处理（T3）与返青后施蘖肥处理（T2）相比,分蘖成穗率提高了9.09%（P〈0.05）,成熟期全株干物质积累量增加4.50%-15.4%,齐穗期透光率降低11.6%（P〈0.05）,产量增加0.12-0.17 t·km^-2,氮素吸收利用率提高12.3%-12.5%（P〈0.05）。当基肥不施用氮肥时,基蘖肥于插秧时施用处理（T5）与基蘖肥于返青后施用处理（T4）相比,成熟期全株干物质积累量增加4.67%-6.51%,产量增加0.12-0.49 t·km^-2,氮素吸收利用率增加11.0%-11.1%（P〈0.05）。综合分析表明,当基肥施用氮肥时,蘖肥在水稻插秧期施用效果最好;当基肥不施用氮肥时,蘖肥在插秧期施用效果好于返青期施用。This study investigated the effects of the applied nitrogen at different stages on yield and fertilizer-N use efficiency of rice. The field experiment was conducted in two growing seasons（2011 and 2012）by using rice cultivar kongyu 131 and the randomized block design at 856 farm of Heilongjiang province. The results indicated that under the normal application of basal N rate,compared to applying tillering fertilizer after striking root stage （T2）, the application of tillering fertilizer at transplanting stage（T3） substantially enhanced ear-bearing tiller rate of rice by 9.09%（P〈0.05）,increased dry matter accumulation of plant at mature stage by 4.50%-15.4%,reduced light transmittance after heading by 11.6%（P〈0.05）,increased yield of rice by 0.12-0.17 t·km^-2,and significantly enhanced fertilizer-N recovery efficiency by 12.3%-12.5%（P〈0.05）. Compared to basal N rate and tillering fertilizer after striking root stage（T4）,when the application was free of basal N rate,the application of basal N rate and tillering fertilizer at transplanting stage（T5）increased the dry matter accumulation of plant at mature stage by 4.67%-6.51%,increased the yield of rice by 0.12-0.49 t·km^-2,and significantly enhanced fertilizer-N recovery efficiency by 11.0%-11.1%（P〈0.05）. Overall,the results of this study demonstrated that T3 was higher effective pattern than other treatments,and T5 was higher effective pattern than T4.

关 键 词：水稻 寒地 氮肥施用时期 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S147.23[农业科学—肥料学]