生态炭肥防治烟草青枯病及其土壤微生态学机理分析  

Control Effect of Eco- biochar on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt and Its Soil Microecological Mechanism

作　　者：万惠霞[1] 冯小虎 张文梅 裴建锋 焦永吉[1] 李铭[1] 蒋士君[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南郑州450002 [2]江西省烟草公司抚州市公司,江西抚州344000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2015年第6期92-97,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江西省烟草公司科技攻关项目(201201006)

摘　　要：在烟草移栽时穴施不同生态炭肥,研究了生态炭肥对烟草青枯病的防治效果,并分析生态炭肥处理对烟苗移栽后根围土壤有机碳含量(SOC)、土壤淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性以及土壤可培养细菌数量的影响。结果表明:(1)3种生态炭肥处理均能显著提高烟株对青枯病的抗性;(2)施用生态炭肥后1周、8周、17周烟株根围SOC、土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性均极显著高于CK;(3)施用生态炭肥后能够明显增加土壤可培养细菌数量,其变化趋势与土壤SOC、3种土壤转化酶活性变化趋势极其一致;(4)相关分析表明,土壤有机碳含量与土壤可培养细菌数量、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性均存在较高正相关,且随着植物生长其相关性逐步增强,而青枯病病情指数则与上述5个测定指标呈极显著负相关。The different doses of eco-biochar fertilizers were hole-applied when tobacco seedlings were transplanted in the field, the control effect of eco-biochar fertilizer on tobacco bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanacearum） was studied, and the influences of eco-biochar fertilizer application on the content of rhizospheric soil organic carbon （ SOC） , the activities of soil amylase, sucrase and cellulose, and the quantity of culturable soil bacteria in tobacco field were analyzed.The results showed that：（1） three kinds of eco-biochar fertilizer treatments all could significantly enhance the resistance of tobacco plants to bacterial wilt;（2） during the first week, the 8th week and the 17th week after applying eco-biochar fertilizer, the SOC content and the activities of sucrase, amylase and cellulose in the rhizospheric soil of tobacco plants were all very significantly higher than those of CK;（ 3） applying eco-biochar fertilizer could obviously increase the quantity of culturable soil bacteria in tobacco field, whose changing trend was very similar to that of SOC content and soil enzyme activity; （ 4） the content of SOC was positively correlated with the quantity of culturable soil bacteria, as well as the activities of cellulose, sucrase and amylase, and these correlations were gradually increased along with the growth of tobacco plants;while the disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt was significantly negatively correlated with the above5 indexes.

关 键 词：生态炭肥 烟草 青枯病 防治 土壤微生态 土壤有机碳含量 

分 类 号：S154.34[农业科学—土壤学]