丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对西南桦溃疡(干腐)病的抗性调查研究  

The Investigation of AMF on the Resistance of Betula alnoides Stem Rot

作　　者：李丽[1] 伍建榕[1,2] 马焕成[2] 高拓[1] 冯泉清[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南省高校森林灾害预警控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]国家林业局西南地区生物多样性保育重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期369-375,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260175,31360198);云南省高校干热河谷植被恢复创新团队项目;云南省重点学科森林保护学项目(XKZ200905);云南省高等学校森林病虫害综合治理教学团队项目

摘　　要：西南桦(Betula alnoides)是桦木科桦木属分布最南的树种之一,其在云南德宏州的人工林种植面积超过8万hm2,大面积人工林也造成西南桦溃疡(干腐)病日益严重。本研究在西南桦人工林集中分布的德宏州盈江县选择西南桦溃疡(干腐)病不同发病程度的3块样地,利用湿筛沉淀法、菌根侵染率检测法及病害调查法对3块样地根际及根围的AMF孢子密度、菌根侵染率、西南桦溃疡(干腐)病的发病率和发病程度进行调查,并用特征指数及SPSS进行数据分析。结果表明:AMF孢子密度和菌根侵染率分别高于40.08个/g和77.5%时,西南桦(溃疡)干腐病发病率和病情指数分别为12%和3;AMF孢子密度和菌根侵染率低于1.05个/g和13%时,西南桦溃疡(干腐)病发病率和病情指数分别为100%和80;相关性分析结果表明,丛枝菌根真菌孢子Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数与西南桦溃疡(干腐)病发病率之间存在显著负相关(P<0.01),即:西南桦溃疡病的发病率和发病程度与丛枝菌根真菌的多样性和侵染率密切相关,AMF种类越多,菌根孢子密度越大,菌根侵染率越高,病害的发病率及病情指数就越小。可见,丛枝菌根真菌的多样性能增强西南桦溃疡(干腐)病的抗病性,并能显著降低西南桦幼树溃疡(干腐)病发病率和感病指数。因此,建议在西南桦育苗时在营养袋中接种AMF来提高西南桦对溃疡(干腐)病的抗性。Betula alnoides is the most south species of Betulaceae. There are more than 8.0 × 10^4 hm2 of B. alnoides plantation in Dehong, Yunnan province. However, due to large areas of mono- culture B. alnoides plantation, the stem rot of B. alnoides is becoming more and more serious. Three plots of B. alnoides plantations in Yingjiang County, Dehong, were selected as the sampling plots. The investigation was carried out by wet sieve precipitation method, AM colonization exami- nation and disease incidence survey in three plots with different disease levels of B. alnoides stem rot of three piece. The AMF spore density, AM colonization rate, the disease rate and the disease index were determined. The statistics analysis was carried out by SPSS 11.5. Results showed that when AMF spore density and AM colonization rate is higher than 40.08 spores/g and 77.5% , the stem rot of B. alnoides incidence of disease and disease index were 12% and 3. When the AMF spore density and the AM colonization rate were below the 1.05 spores/g and 13 % , the stem rot of B. alnoides incidence of disease and disease index were 100% and 80, respectively. Through correlation analysis, there was significant negative correlation （ P 〈 0.01 ） between the AMF spore Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef abundance index and the incidence of B. alnoides stem rot. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is significant relationship between the number and diversity of AMF in forest land and the stem rot of B. alnoides. AMF can effec- tively reduce the incidence of B. alnoides stem rot. It is suggested that adding AMF spore into the seedling container of B. alnoides may increase the resistance to B. alnoides stem rot.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌(AMF) 西南桦溃疡(干腐)病 菌根真菌多样性 抗性 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]