野生动物粪便研究进展  

Review of Faeces Research in Wildlife

作　　者：周璨林[1,2] 宁礼群 马合木提·哈力克[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,资源生物研究所,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆医科大学基础医学院,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2015年第2期232-239,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360266,31060152);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2013211B49);新疆大学自治区重点学科-动物学科资助

摘　　要：粪便由于容易辨识来源,方便收集并且可以提供动物食性分析、肠道寄生虫、种群数量、群体遗传学方面的信息而成为野生动物非损伤性采样的主要方式而被广泛采用。在食性分析方面,使用粪便残渣,同位素分析,植物表皮烷类蜡质,近红外以及DNA条码技术,能够获得不易观察的动物的食性数据;利用粪便中的寄生虫幼虫或虫卵可以调查野生动物肠道寄生虫侵染情况;在种群数量统计方面,粪堆计数法由于简便而广被使用,另一种粪便种群研究方法是非损伤标记重捕法,该法虽然会受到DNA质量的困扰,但是由于可以获得家域、性别比信息而成为今后的发展方向;在群体遗传学方面,通过对粪便DNA反复扩增,能够保证遗传信息的准确性。Study of faeces is widely used as a noninvasive sampling method for analysis of diet, in- testinal parasites, population size and genetics, and various studies of wildlife because faeces are readily identified to species and easily collected. Examination of plant fragments, isotopes, natu- ral alkanes of cuticular wax, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and DNA bar codes were the most useful methods for diet analysis. Larvae or eggs from parasite in faeces could be used to sur- vey intestinal parasite infections of wildlife. Pellet group counts method is widely used for demo- graphic studies, while, noninvasive tagging re-sample is increasingly popular for multi-use in home range and sex-ratio studies, even though it is affected by quality of faeces DNA. Beyond those u- ses, study of variations in population genetics relies on the quality of DNA in faeces by repeating experiment.

关 键 词：野生动物 粪便 非损伤采样 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]