试论郭守敬的“南海测验”  

On the Guo Shoujing's "South China Sea Observation"

作　　者：武家璧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期8-14,共7页Journal of Guangxi Minzu University ：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：第四十八批中国博士后科学基金(20100480471)

摘　　要：元初郭守敬仿唐僧一行举行大规模"四海测验",其早期工作给出6个地点的北极出地高度、夏至晷影长度和昼夜漏刻,实际上是一份地理纬度间隔10度的晷漏数据插值表.6个地点分布在南北两条基线上,一条以地中"岳台"为基点指向"南海",另一条以蒙古旧都"和林"为基点指向"北海".前后期所有27个测影所大致分布在几条著名子午线和五度间隔纬线上.结合"岳台子午线"的经向位置和"北极出地一十五度"的纬向位置,可以锁定南海观测点在东经115°,北纬15°附近,再依据南海岛礁的出露情况可以唯一确定郭守敬的"南海测验"地点就在黄岩岛.In the early Yuan dynasty Guo Shoujing modeled himself on Tang dynasty＇s monk Yixing to carry out ＂four seas measure＂ on a large scale. His previous work gives the Arctic height of six locations, sun＇s shadow and nycterohemeral clepsydra＇s degree scale in the summer solstice. This is actually a data interpolation table of sundial and clepsydra with geographic latitude of 10 degrees intervals. Six sites are distributed in two north--south baselines, one of which takes the ＂Yuetai＂ as the base point to the ＂South China Sea＂, and another takes the Mongolia＇s old capital ＂Helin＂ as the base point to the ＂Beihai＂. There are 27 observation posts from early until later time broadly distributed along several famous meridian and five degrees interval latitude line. South China Sea observation posfs whereabouts can be pinpointed nearby 115°E and 40° N by combining meridional position of the ＂Yuetai meridian line＂ and latitudinal position of ＂Arctic raised height of 15 degrees＂, after that Guo Shoujing＇s ＂South China Sea observation＂ post can be uniquely identi- fied in the place of Huangyan Island.

关 键 词：郭守敬 南海测验 经向位置 纬向位置 黄岩岛 

分 类 号：P1-092[天文地球—天文学]