添加蘑菇渣堆肥对油松容器苗种子萌发和生长的影响  

Effects of adding mushroom slag compost on emergence and growth of Pinus tabulaeformis container seedlings

作　　者：胡嘉伟[1] 刘勇[1] 李国雷[1] 马履一[1] 贾忠奎[1] 娄军山 王琰[1] 万芳芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2015年第6期28-33,39,共7页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家林业局"948"计划项目(2012-4-66);林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201004021)

摘　　要：为探究蘑菇渣堆肥作为油松 Pinus tabulaeformis 容器苗培养基质材料的可行性，通过维持混合基质中珍珠岩比例不变，逐渐增加蘑菇渣堆肥的比例以替代草炭。试验设置堆肥添加比例 0 ～ 75% 组成 8 种基质配方，研究不同基质处理理化性质及其对油松容器苗种子萌发和生长的影响。结果表明：当蘑菇渣堆肥在基质配方中添加比例达到 30% 时，油松在种子发芽率、平均萌发时间、萌发整齐性指数以及苗木苗高、地径、高径比、主根长、一级侧根数、茎叶生物量等指标上均与常用草炭处理无显著差异，而种子发芽势显著高于常用草炭处理。8 种基质配方物理指标及 EC 值均处于育苗适宜范围内，但只有当堆肥添加比例≤ 30% 的基质处理 pH 值呈微酸性，处于适宜油松苗木生长的范围内。而蘑菇渣堆肥添加比例≥ 40% 时，基质 pH 值的升高可能是导致苗木质量下降的主要因素。因此，结合对育苗基质成本及环保因素的考虑，本试验培育油松最佳基质配方为草炭 45%，珍珠岩 25%，蘑菇渣堆肥 30%。The feasibility of using mushroom slag compost as the culture matrix of Pinus tabulaeformis container seedlings was studied. Through keeping the proportion of perlite powder unchanged, and gradually increasing the proportion of mushroom compost, replacing grass carbon by mushroom compost in the mixed mediums can be realized. By setting the addition proportion of compost in 0% - 75%, eight kinds of media formula were designed to study the effects of different physical and chemical properties of the mixed mediums on emergence and growth of Pinus tabulaeformis container seedlings. The results show that when the adding proportion of mushroom compost in the mediums reached 30%, the germination percentage, mean germination time, synchronization index, height, diameter, height to diameter ratio, tap root length, number of root, shoot biomass and foliar biomass all exhibited no changes compared with the common peat processing （containing perlite powder）, while the germination energy was significantly higher than that with common peat processing; The physical properties and EC of all eight treatments were suitable to nurse the seedlings, only when adding compost proportion - 30%, the pH value showed slightly acidic subacidity, the mixed mediums were suitable to the growth of P. tabulaeformis seedlings; When the adding proportion of mushroom slag compost was greater than or equal to 40%, the elevated matrix pH values may be the main factor leading to decline in the quality of seedlings. Therefore, taking into consideration of the substmtes materials cost and environmental factors, the best medium prescription is 45% peat, 25% perlite and 30% spent mushroom compost.

关 键 词：油松 容器苗 培养基质 蘑菇渣堆肥 种子萌发 苗木质量 

分 类 号：S791.254[农业科学—林木遗传育种]