末次盛冰期以来气候变化和人类活动对我国沙漠和沙地环境的影响  

Impact of Climatic Change and Human Activity on Desert and Sand Field in Northern China Since the Last Glacial Maximum

作　　者：鹿化煜[1] 郭正堂[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《中国基础科学》2015年第2期3-8,共6页China Basic Science

基　　金：全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划(2010CB950200)

摘　　要：末次盛冰期以来,我国沙漠和沙地经历了气候由冷干向暖湿的变化以及全新世以来人类活动的急剧增强,地表沉积和环境也随之发生了很大的变化。在"全球变化研究"国家重大科学研究计划的支持下,我们对最近21ka以来中国沙漠和沙地环境演化的特征、影响机制以及自然与人为因素的作用等进行了研究,发现在末次盛冰期,中国沙漠和沙地的流沙面积扩张了10%—270%;在全新世暖期,中国西部沙漠的流沙面积缩小了5%—20%,中部-东部沙地基本被植被覆盖、流沙固定。全新世以来,人类活动对沙地地区的影响急剧增强,证据显示,现代的流沙活动受到自然气候和人类活动的双重影响,进一步的分析有望定量区分人类活动和气候变化对沙漠化变化的贡献。在未来的研究工作中,要加强高分辨率气候变化的定量重建、气候-环境-人类活动相互作用的机制、沙漠和沙地对气候变率响应的敏感性以及粉尘释放的定量评估等研究工作。Paleoclimate in Chinese deserts and sand fields has greatly changed since the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） , with cold-dry and warm-humid climates in the LGM and Holocene Optimum （HO）, respectively; at the same time, human activity has significantly strength- ened in this region since early Holocene. Under support by the National Global Change Program and the others, we investigated the environmental changes in desert and sand field in Northern China since the LGM, as well as the density of human activity. Our results show that the area of active dune expanded 10%--270% in the LGM （compared with the current area, the same as following data） , respectively in different deserts and sand fields. Whereas the area of active dune reduced 5%--20% in the western deserts and the sand fields in central-eastern China were completely covered by vegetation during the HO. The human activity has increased quickly since early Holocene and clearly modified landscape of the desert and sand field since at least the past 2ka. Our observations show that both natural climate variability and human activity has governed the active dune area of modem Chinese desert and dune field. In the future study, we will focus on the quantitative reconstructing of high-resolution paleoclimatic changes, investigating in- teraction between climate, environment and human activities, and to investigate sensitivity of desert and sand field responses to climatic change variability and the anthropogenic effect.

关 键 词：末次盛冰期 全新世 中国沙漠和沙地 气候变化人类活动 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]