近60年来乌鲁木齐气候极值分析  

Trends and extremes analysis of climate in recent 60 years in Urumqi

作　　者：王珏 王怀军[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆国泰民康职业环境检测评价有限责任公司,新疆昌吉831100 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱环境监测》2015年第2期82-86,共5页Arid Environmental Monitoring

摘　　要：基于乌鲁木齐近60年的气温、降水资料,运用Mann-Kendall和线性回归检验对气候变量序列进行了趋势和极值分析。结果表明,平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温表现出增加趋势且以秋冬季的增温幅度最大。气温日较差在所有时间步长内都是缩小的,其主要原因是平均最低气温的升温幅度比最高气温大,降水量总体上增加,季节降水中以冬季增加最为明显。从气候极值变化方面看,与异常偏冷相关的极端事件如霜冻日数、冷夜日数、冷昼日数、冷日持续指数显著减少减弱;与异常偏暖相关的暖夜日数、暖昼日数则明显增多增强;降水强度、强降水量增加明显,持续干旱有所下降。There has been a paucity of information on trends in daily climate and climate extremes especially from developing countries. We reported the results of analysis of daily temperature （maximum and minimum） and precipitation data form .Uru- mqi. Data were subject to quality control and processing into indices of climate extremes for release to the global community. Based on the temperature and precipitation data over the last 60 years, this paper analyzed trends and climate extremes using Mann - Keandall and linear regression test. The results showed that mean temperature, maximum mean temperature, minimum mean temperature indicated an increasing trend while the warming amplitudes in the autumn and winter was the largest. The main reason of the reduced diurnal temperature range in all time steps was that minimum mean temperature had a larger in- creasing temperature range than maximum mean temperature. Overall, precipitation appeared to be increased and it emerged the most obvious increasing in winter. Both temperature and precipitation in different months had different trends ,but the most sig- nificant change was basically happened in January and February. The extremes ralated to low temperature such as frost days, cool nights, cool days, cold spell duration indicator, have been obviously decreased in frequency and intensity, and the extrenes ralated to high temperature such as warm nights, warm days, have been mostly increased in frequency and intensity. The simple daily intensity index and very wet day have witnessed significant upward trend and consecutive dry day have gradually drop weakened.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐:趋势 气候极值 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]