填充物与用种量对机械化条播油菜群体质量及产量的影响  

Effects of Filler and Sowing Rate on the Quality and Yield of Mechanized Drilling Rapeseed Populations

作　　者：董云[1] 孙万仓[2] 庞进平[1] 王文昌[3] 郝玉红[3] 王毅[1] 靳丰蔚[1] 徐一涌[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院 [3]和政县农业技术推广站

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2015年第11期16-18,共3页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260334);甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(1308RJZA205);甘肃省农科院创新专项(2013GA AS16);甘肃省油菜工程技术研究中心项目(1306NTGA022)

摘　　要：以青杂5号为供试油菜品种,研究机械条播条件下填充物和播量对产量的影响。结果表明院填充物对油菜出苗率、成苗数、生育期、产量的影响极显著,尿素120 kg/hm^2＋磷酸二铵150 kg/hm^2作填充物的油菜出苗率最低,为23.96%,相应的油菜群体密度28.50万株/hm^2,生育期127.40 d,产量3 008.15 kg/hm^2;炒熟的油籽225 kg/hm^2作填充物的油菜出苗率最高,为43.00%,相应的油菜群体密度48.08万株/hm^2,生育期122.47 d,产量2 676.13 kg/hm^2。油菜随着播种量的增加,产量呈先增后减的趋势;单株产量和全株有效角果数随着播量增加呈减小态势,株高也随播量增大降低,生育期随着播量增大而缩短,相反,分枝部位增高。产量最高的处理是播量4.5kg/hm^2,尿素120kg/hm^2＋磷酸二铵150 kg/hm^2作填充物,基本保苗数28.79万株/hm^2,产量为3 920.20 kg/hm^2;产量次之的处理是播量6 kg/hm^2,尿素120 kg/hm^2＋磷酸二铵150 kg/hm^2作填充物,基本保苗数38.78万株/hm^2,产量为3 853.53 kg/hm^2。提出针对北方寒旱区油菜机械化播种适宜推广的播量为4.5-6.0 kg/hm^2,选择尿素120 kg/hm^2＋磷酸二铵150 kg/hm^2作填充物为最佳。Taking Qingza NO.5 as test material, the effects of different filler and sowing rates on the populations quality and yield were studied. The results showed that the filler affect rate of emergence, population density, growth period, and yield significantly, rate of emergence of the filler urea 120 kg/hm^2＋diammonium 150 kg/hm^2 was lowest, which was 23.96%, and the corresponding rapeseed population density was 28.50× 10^4 plants per hm^2, growth period was 127.40 days ,yield was 3 008.15 kg/hm^2.Rate of emergence of the filler 225 kg/hm^2 oilseed stir-fried was highest ,which was 43.00%, and the corresponding rapeseed population density was 48.08×10^4 plants per hm^2,growth period was 122.47 days ,yield was 2 676.13 kg/hm^2.Yield was parabolic form with the increase of sowing rates;yield per plant,total available pods,plant height,and growth period were all decreased with the increase of sowing rates,but branch height got high with the increase of sowing rates.The highest yield of treatments was sowing 4.5 kg/hm^2,urea 120 kg/hm^2＋ diammonium 150 kg/hm^2 as filler, basic seedling number 28.79×10^4 plants per hm^2, the yield was 3 920.20 kg/hm^2;followed sowing 6 kg/hm^2, urea 120 kg/hm^2＋ 150 kg/hm^2 as filler,basic seedling number 38.78 ×10^4 plants per hm^2,the yield was 3 853.53 kg/hm^2.The best program proposed for rapeseed mechanized drilling in northern cold and arid regions ,which was 4.5-6.0 kg/hm^2 of sowing rate and urea 120 kg/hm^2＋diammonium 150 kg/hm^2 as filler.

关 键 词：油菜 机械化 播量 填充物 质量 产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]