白云鄂博矿钾资源综合利用的研究  

Comprehensive Utilization of Potassium Resources in Bayan Obo Mine

作　　者：李春龙[1] 李小钢[1] 徐广尧[1] 

机构地区：[1]包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司,内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《稀有金属》2015年第5期450-456,共7页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

摘　　要：钾盐矿主要用于生产钾肥和钾化合物,世界上95%的钾盐产品用作肥料,5%用于化学工业,钾是肥料3大要素之一。中国是水溶性钾资源十分短缺的国家,水溶性钾盐储量约2.1亿t,占世界的2.2%,60%的钾肥需要进口。中国非水溶性钾岩矿基础储量大于200亿t。包头白云鄂博矿蕴藏丰富的钾资源,随铁开采每年按废石堆存的钾板岩约300~400万t,有极大的利用价值。本文叙述了综合利用白云鄂博钾板岩的研发历程。通过分析比较,提出了综合利用钾板岩的产业化技术路线,最终确定石灰高温焙烧法、苛性碱高压热水浸出法和苛性碱常压热水浸出法工艺技术流程,3种流程均可分离出钾盐、氧化铝、硅酸钙微粉和水泥建筑材料,可实现综合回收利用白云鄂博富钾板岩的目的。建议加快项目的半工业试验,选出其中投资少、成本低、效益好和环境友好的方案实施产业化。Potash minerals are mainly used for the production of fertilizer and potassium compounds, 95% of the worldg potash products are used as fertilizer, 5% are used in the chemical industry, and potassium is one of the three main fertilizer elements. China is a country with shortage resources of water soluble potash extremely, and its water soluble potash resources are of about 210 million tons, accounting for 2.2% of the world＇s resources, so 60% potash fertilizers are imported. The water-insoluble potassium basic reserves in China are of more than 20 billion tons. Bayan Obo mine in Baotou contains abundant potassium resources. With iron ore mining, about 3 - 4 million tons of potassium slates are stockpiled as waste rocks every year, but they are of great use value. This article described the progress in comprehensive utilization of Bayan Obo potassium slates. The industrial technical route of comprehensive utilization of potassium slate was put forward through analysis and comparison. Ultimately, the lime roasting method in high temperature and sodium hydroxide hot water leaching method in high pressure as well as sodium hydroxide hot water leaching method in ordinary pressure were determined applicable. The three processes could separate potassium, aluminum oxide, calcium silicate powder and cement building materials, and comprehen- sively recycled Bayan Obo potassium rich slate. Therefore, the industrial test of the project should be speeded up and the scheme with less investment, low cost, good benefits and environmental friendliness should be chosen for industrialization.

关 键 词：白云鄂博矿 钾板岩 综合利用 

分 类 号：TD85[矿业工程—金属矿开采]