不同时间点上网球运动员对击球线路的知觉预判  

Perceptual anticipation of tennis players for ball hitting routes at different time points

作　　者：上官戎[1] 范伟[2] 钟毅平[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学体育教学部,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《体育学刊》2015年第3期75-78,共4页Journal of Physical Education

摘　　要：考察不同时间点上不同水平网球运动员对击球线路知觉预判特征。被试者分为网球专业组、熟练组(2级运动员组)和新手组3个水平,实验使用网球比赛相持阶段不同时间点的图片为预判材料,让被试者看图片做又快又好的击球线路的判断。结果发现,在正确率上,直线击球线路的正确率显著低于斜线击球线路;专业组击球线路正确率显著高于2级运动员组,2级运动员组显著高于新手组;t0时间点的正确率显著低于其他时间点,t1时间点的正确率显著低于t2和t3时间点,t2和t3时间点的正确率差异不显著。而在反应时上,直线击球线路的反应时显著慢于斜线反应时;专业组预判反应时显著快于2级运动员组,2级运动员组显著快于新手组;另外,t0时间点的反应时显著长于其他时间点,t1时间点的反应时显著长于t2和t3时间点,t2和t3时间点的反应时差异不显著。结果表明,网球运动员水平与击球线路预判的绩效呈正相关,具体表现为对比新手组和2级运动员组,专业组在更早的时间点就能进行正确的预判。In order to observed the characteristics of perceptual anticipation of tennis players at different levels for ball hitting routes at different time points, the authors divided the testees into such 3 levels as professional group, proficient group （level 2 player group） and novice group, in the experiment, used pictures showing different time points at stalemate stages in tennis matches as materials for anticipation, let the testees make a quick and good de-termination about ball hitting routes by seeing such pictures, and revealed the following findings：in terms of correct rate, the correct rate of straight ball hitting routes was significantly lower than that of diagonal ball hitting routes;in terms of the correct rate of ball hitting routes, the professional group’s was significantly higher than the level 2 player group’s, the level 2 player group’s was significantly higher than the novice group’s;the correct rate of time point t0 was significantly lower than those of other time points, the correct rate of time point t1 was significantly lower than those of time points t2 and t3, the difference between the correct rates of time points t2 and t3 was not sig-nificant;while in terms of response time, the response time for straight ball hitting routes was significantly longer than that for diagonal ball hitting routes, the anticipation response time of the professional group was significantly shorter than that of the level 2 player group, the anticipation response time of the level 2 player group was signifi-cantly shorter than that of the novice group;moreover, the response time for time point t0 was significantly longer those for other time points, the response time for time point t1 was significantly longer those for time points t2 and t3, the difference between response times for time points time t2 and t3 was not significant. The experiment findings in-dicated that the level of tennis players was positively correlative with their performance in anticipating ball hitting routes, which was specific

关 键 词：运动心理学 击球线路 知觉预判 网球运动员 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学] G845[文化科学—体育学]