高速动车组轴箱弹簧疲劳失效机理研究  

Research on Mechanism of Fatigue Crack of High Speed Train Axle Box Spring

作　　者：王文静[1] 李广君[2] 唐薇[1] 李秋泽[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司,天津300142 [3]中国北车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《铁道学报》2015年第6期41-47,共7页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：青年科学基金(51205017);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划(2014J004-A)

摘　　要：自哈大高速铁路开通以来,某动车组转向架发生轴箱弹簧断裂故障多起,断口均位于第一工作圈距弹簧端部60mm处,断裂弹簧的平均寿命里程为165万km。本文通过断口形貌分析、弹簧在线载荷识别以及接触应力有限元仿真,对该轴箱弹簧的失效原因进行了分析。断口的宏、微观分析表明,弹簧发生了典型的疲劳断裂。将轴箱弹簧标定为测力弹簧,在运用线路上实测了弹簧垂向载荷和横向载荷时间历程,结果表明,该弹簧运用中未受到超出其动态设计规范的冲击载荷,其垂向和横向载荷均为随机动载荷,其中垂向载荷最大幅值为3.72kN,横向载荷最大幅值为1.18kN。利用ABAQUS有限元程序仿真分析了弹簧接触应力随垂向和横向载荷的变化规律,结果表明,第一工作圈距弹簧端部60 mm处的等效接触切应力值最大,与实际断裂位置相吻合。Since the opening of Harbin‐Dalian passenger dedicated line , several fracture failures have occurred in the axle box springs of the bogies of a high‐speed train . All the failures were located at the first working coil , 60 mm from the end of the spring . The average life of the failed springs is estimated to be 1 650 000 km . The failure reason of the axle box spring was analyzed by means of fracture morphology analysis ,load identification of the spring under the service condition and contact stress FE simulation . The macroscopic and microscopic a‐nalysis of fractured surface showed that the failure was caused by fatigue . The axle box spring was calibrated into a load transducer and the time history of vertical and lateral loads was measured when the train was in serv‐ice . The test results indicated that the spring had not received impact loads beyond the dynamic design specifi‐cation ,and its vertical and lateral loads were both random dynamic loads . The maximum vertical load was 3.72 kN and the maximum lateral load was 1.18 kN . The contact stress in the work coil of the spring was sim‐ulated using ABAQUS and its variation with the applied vertical and lateral load was studied . The simulation results showed that the maximum equivalent shear stress occurred at the first work coil ,60 mm from the end , which was consistent with the observed failure position .

关 键 词：轴箱弹簧 载荷 接触应力 接触疲劳 

分 类 号：TH135.1[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U270.12[机械工程—车辆工程]