规模化控养水葫芦改善滇池外海水质效果研究  

Effects of Water Quality Improvement in Waihai of Dianchi Lake with Large Scale Confined Growth of Eichhornia crassipes

作　　者：张志勇[1] 徐寸发 闻学政[1] 张晋华[2] 秦红杰[1] 张迎颖[1] 杨光明 李晓铭[4] 刘海琴[1] 严少华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院,江苏南京210094 [3]江苏省滆湖渔业管理委员会办公室,江苏常州650228 [4]昆明市环境监测中心,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第4期665-672,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"滇池水专项(2012ZX07102-004-6);国家自然科学青年基金项目(41201533)

摘　　要：2011─2013年,在滇池外海水域实施了规模化控养水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)修复富营养化湖泊水体的试验性工程,以及外海湖体与控养区内、外水质的变化分析,探讨规模化控养水葫芦对外海水质的改善效果。结果表明:水葫芦在滇池外海控养水域生长迅速,安全可控,并未出现逃逸泛滥现象。2012和2013年水葫芦最大覆盖面积分别为556.39和257.87hm2,通过对其采收共计从外海水体带走氮691.89 t,磷57.40 t;工程实施期间,外海全湖水质得到一定的改善,水体TP平均浓度始终维持在较低水平,水体TN平均浓度显著下降,尤其2012年,外海湖体TN平均质量浓度由2011年的2.80 mg·L-1降至1.96 mg·L-1,同比下降了30.00%;水葫芦控养区内水体TN和TP平均浓度较控养区外分别下降了28.52%和13.04%。综上分析,规模化控养水葫芦可削减水体大量的氮、磷,尽管水葫芦覆盖面积不足外海水域面积的2.00%,但仍对外海全湖水质改善具有一定效果。该研究为规模化控养水葫芦应用于大型富营养化湖泊的治理提供了工程实践与理论依据。A pilot project on eutrophic lake restoration with large scale confined growth ofEichhornia crassipes was implemented in Waihai of Dianchi Lake from 2011 to 2013. The effects of water quality improvement （nitrogen and phosphorus removal, changes of water quality inside and outside of planting zone） in waihai was investigated. Results showed thatE. crassipes grew rapidly, safety and controllability without escaping. The largest area covered with E. crassipes were 556.39 hm^2 and 257.87 hm^2 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by plants were 691.89 tons and 57.40 tons in 2012 and 2013, respec-tively. During the ecological engineering, water quality of Waihai was improved significantly by large-scale confined growthE. crassipes. TP concentrations kept in low level, while those of TN was reduced significantly especially in 2012. Concentration of TN reduced by 30.00% （from 2.80 mg·L^-1 to 1.96 mg·L^-1）. While TN and TP concentrations decreased by 28.52% and 13.04% in planting zone, respectively. The results indicated that efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal was shown with large-scale confined growth ofE. Crassipes. Although area with. Crassipes was less than 2.00% of the whole area in Waihai, certain effect on the water quality improvement was shown. These findings could provide references on theory and practice forlarge eutrophic lakes restoration with. Crassipes.

关 键 词：水葫芦 氮 磷 水质改善 滇池 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]