应用ZigBee技术的航天器内部三维空间定位方案  

Three-dimensional Localization Scheme for Spacecraft Indoor Environment Using ZigBee

作　　者：龙吟[1] 郭佩[1] 夏奕[1] 张璐[1] 杨佳欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2015年第3期40-44,共5页Spacecraft Engineering

摘　　要：针对航天器内部缺少三维空间定位方案的问题,提出一种应用紫蜂(ZigBee)技术的无线传感器网络定位方案,即通过在航天器内部布置ZigBee无线传感器网络,设置若干数量的参考节点和未知节点,利用参考节点的先验位置信息,以及针对未知节点的测距信息,完成对未知节点的三维空间定位。建立基于参考节点平面的三维空间坐标系,根据到达角度(AOA)计算出未知节点的法向坐标(Z坐标),将未知节点投影至参考节点所在平面(XOY平面),利用三边定位法计算出未知节点在XOY平面的坐标。该方案理论上最少只需要6个参考节点,就可以实现对航天器内部未知节点的定位,并且不需要时间同步,适合于无线传感器网络的低复杂度设计需求;利用到达时间差(TDOA)算法进行AOA计算,通过对参考节点进行分层布局,避免使用复杂的天线阵列技术。仿真验证结果表明:本文方案具有较高的定位精度,同时具有较低的硬件和组网要求,以及较低的计算和通信开销,适合于航天器内部的三维空间定位。To solving the problem of lack of an efficient three-dimensional localization scheme for spacecraft indoor environment, a three-dimensional localization scheme based on WSN （wireless sensor network） using ZigBee is proposed. The WSN deployed in the spacecraft is composed of reference nodes and unknown nodes, and the reference nodes＇ positions are known to help loca- ting the unknown nodes. A three-dimensional coordinate is established by setting the plane where the reference nodes are placed as the plane XOY, and the Z coordinate is figured out by AOA （angle of arrival）. The unknown node is projected on the plane XOY, and the X coordinate and Y coordinate on the plane XOY are computed by the trilateration localization strategy. Theoretical- ly, only six reference nodes are required to locate all the unknown nodes three-dimensionally by using the proposed scheme. Meanwhile, synchronization of the network is not necessary, which reduces the complexity of the WSN. TDOA （time difference of arrival） is adopted to estimate AOA, and the angle estimation is also dependent on the hierarchical deployment of the reference nodes. Therefore, the complicated antenna arrays for AOA are not required. The simulation results show that the scheme proposed can locate accurately, makes less requirements for the hardware, network, computing and communication, and can be applied in the spacecraft indoor environment.

关 键 词：航天器内部 三维空间定位 紫蜂技术 到达时间差 到达角度 

分 类 号：V443[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TN92[电子电信—通信与信息系统] TP212.9[电子电信—信息与通信工程]