长江流域旱涝年划分及降水特征分析  

Identification and precipitation characteristics of droughts and floods years over Yangtze river basin

作　　者：陈晨 李波[2] 雷东洋 李子进 

机构地区：[1]宜昌市气象局,宜昌443000 [2]三峡梯调通信中心,宜昌443000

出　　处：《北京水务》2015年第3期4-9,共6页Beijing Water

基　　金：中国长江电力股份有限公司委托项目"关键期天气气候特征分析和预报方法研究"(2413020002)

摘　　要：根据1961—2012年长江流域644个气象站降水资料,以及宜昌、大通水文站流量资料,采用Z指数法研究了长江流域旱涝等级划分和降水特征。结果表明,Z指数为基础的区域旱涝指标可以较好地反映长江流域旱涝变化,其结果与降水距平百分率、水情资料的分析较为一致。长江流域典型洪涝年为1998、1983、1973和1980年,典型干旱年为2011、1978、1966、2006和1971年。典型洪涝年降水空间分布呈从东南向西北递减的趋势,典型干旱年降水量偏少的程度一般南部大于北部、东部大于西部。Based on the precipitation data collected in 644 meteorological stations, as well as flow data recorded in Yichang and Datong hydrological stations from 1961 to 2012, identification and precipitation characteristics of droughts and floods years over Yangtze river basin were studied by using Z index. The results showed that the grades of regional drought and flood based on Z index could better reflect the change of drought/flood over Yangtze river basin, and kept in line with the results based on precipitation anomaly percentage and hydrological flow. There were 4 typical flood years, such as 1998, 1983, 1973, and 1980, and 5 typical drought years, such as 2011, 1978, 1966, 2006 and 1971 over Yangtze river basin. In typical flood years precipitation decreased from the southeast to the northwest, howerer, the degree of precipitation drop were higher in northern and eastern areas than in southern and western areas.

关 键 词：长江流域 旱涝年 Z指数 等级划分 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]