北京市区与过敏相关的气传花粉  

Allergy-related airborne pollen in urban area of Beijing

作　　者：李挚[1] 何海娟[1] 孙国强 汤蕊[1] 顾建青[1] 孙劲旅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院变态反应科,北京100730 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医院信息中心,北京100730

出　　处：《基础医学与临床》2015年第6期734-738,共5页Basic and Clinical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81373175);吴阶平医学基金会基金(320.6750.1292)

摘　　要：目的 研究30年来北京市花粉种类、数量的变化情况,探索气象要素对花粉数量的影响,分析花粉数量与花粉症发病率之间的关系.方法 用重力沉淀法对北京市市区1983至1986年与2010至2013年气传花粉进行监测,并对比前后数据;对上述两个时间段花粉数量与气象要素数据（温度、湿度、风速、日照时长和降水量）进行相关性分析;对2013年日均花粉量与同期花粉症发病率进行相关性分析.结果 相较于20世纪80年代而言,现阶段北京城区花粉种类、数量更多,其中以春季花粉数量增加最为明显.柏科花粉取代蒿属花粉成为北京地区年平均数量最多的花粉,银杏树花粉则为近年来数量增长最多的花粉.一年之中北京市区花粉含量呈现3月中旬～4月下旬、7月下旬～9月下旬两个高峰.花粉总数与气象因素中的温度和日照时长呈正相关,蒿属花粉和葎草花粉数量与风速呈负相关,花粉症发病率与同期花粉总数呈高度正相关.结论 随着年代变化和城市发展,北京市区与过敏相关花粉种类和数量也发生了很大变化,当地患者的过敏原谱则相应发生改变.Objective To observe the species,quantity variation of airborne pollens over the last 30 years in Beijing City.To find the meteorological factors affecting the amount of airborne pollen.To investigate the relationship between pollen quantity amount and the incidence of pollinosis.Methods Daily airborne pollen monitoring was performed by gravitational method in Beijing from 2010 to 2013,and compared with the result during 1983 to 1986.Correlational analyses were conducted on the pollen amount and its related meteorological factors data （temperature,humidity,wind speed,sunshine duration,precipitation） in 1983-1986 and 2010-2013.We also analyzed the correlation between the daily mean pollen amount and the incidence of pollinosis in 2013.Results Compared with the 1980＇s,there was a wider range and higher amount of airborne pollens in Beijing now.The cupressaceae pollen has displaced artemisia pollen as the most common pollen type in this city,however the ginkgo tree pollen was the fastest growing pollen type.Throughout the year,there were two pollen amount peaks in Beijing city：from mid Mar to late Apr and from late Jul to late Sep.The pollen quantity was positively related to the temperature and the sunshine duration.The counting of artemisia pollen,humulus pollen were negatively associated with the wind speed.The incidence of pollinosis was significantly and positively correlated with the the pollen amount in the same phases.Conclusions Following the time moving on and the city development,the types and amounts of allergy-related pollen in Beijing have changed much,and lead to a corresponding change to the allergen spectrum of allergy sufferers.

关 键 词：花粉计数 气传花粉 花粉症 气象要素 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学]