饮食习惯对广东地区孕妇血糖的影响  

Association of dietary habits with gestational diabetes mellitus among Cantonese women

作　　者：李青[1] 吴晓敏[1] 杨顺玉[1] 谢敏[1] 史琳娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学南方医院营养科,广东广州510515

出　　处：《南方医科大学学报》2015年第5期772-776,共5页Journal of Southern Medical University

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(2013SX026);南方医院院长基金(2013C007)

摘　　要：目的探索广东地区的饮食结构及特点与妊娠糖尿病发生的关系,帮助该地区育龄妇女选择有益于健康的行为和生活方式,从而降低孕期并发症的发生。方法采用食物频率调查问卷对571名进行口服葡萄糖筛查试验(OGTT)的妊娠妇女进行饮食习惯及营养摄入情况调查。结果 539名被调查对象(有效问卷539份),其中69名孕妇被诊断为妊娠糖尿病患者;470名为非妊娠糖尿病孕妇。与非妊娠糖尿病孕妇相比,妊娠糖尿病患者孕前体质指数明显增加,孕期体质量增长更多,且年龄更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与非妊娠糖尿病孕妇相比,妊娠糖尿病患者膳食纤维的摄入量较少,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组孕妇高能量密度食物(广东特色点心)及高糖、高GI水果(广东热带水果)的摄入量差异明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。被调查539名孕妇的蛋白质和膳食纤维的日均摄入量明显低于中国居民孕中期妇女的推荐摄入量水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元回归方程分析妊娠糖尿病的相关危险因素显示,孕前体质指数较高、孕期体质量增长过多、糖尿病家族史、孕期摄入过多高密度能量食物和高糖、高GI水果均为妊娠糖尿病发生的危险因素。结论广东地区孕妇的膳食营养结构不合理,膳食摄入习惯与中国居民孕中期的膳食指南要求存在较大的差距。该地区人群喜食甜食和常选用广东特色食物,过多摄入广东甜点及高糖、高GI水果与妊娠糖尿病的发生有明显相关性。Objective To evaluate the relationship between dietary habits and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） in Cantonese women. Methods This a cross-sectional study included 571 pregnant women who underwent a 75-g oral glucose challenge test at the 24th to 28th gestational week. Food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） was used by three dieticians to evaluate all the subjects＇ dietary habits. Results 13% of the investigated subjects were identified to have GDM （GDM＋）. No significant differences were found between the GDM＋ and GDM- groups in the intake of energy, macronutrients, fibers, or cholesterol. The amount of low-and middle-GI fruits consumed daily in the two groups was not statistically different, but the GDM＋ subjects reported a significantly greater amount of high-GI fruit intake as well as energy-dense foods than the GDM-subjects （P〈0.05）. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that increased consumption of energy-dense snack foods and high glycemic-index fruits were strongly associated with the risk of GDM. Conclusion Local dietary composition （high-GI fruit and energy-dense foods） is closely related to the risk of GDM in Cantonese women, for whom intensive health education of dietary behavior is needed to control GDM.

关 键 词：妊娠糖尿病 食物频率调查问卷 广东特色食物 

分 类 号：R714.256[医药卫生—妇产科学]