葱兰大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育及其系统学意义  

Sporogenesis,Gametogenesis in Zephyranthes candida and Their Systematic Significances

作　　者：王璐赟 卢梅[1] 陈春燕[1] 敖成齐[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第5期942-947,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：温州大学生态学浙江省重点学科开放项目

摘　　要：采用常规石蜡切片技术,对石蒜科葱兰的花药壁发育、大小孢子的发生和雌雄配子体的发生过程进行了研究,并对葱兰属、石蒜科、百合科以及葱科的胚胎学特征进行比较讨论。结果表明:(1)葱兰花药四室,药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层组成;药壁发育类型为单子叶型,绒毡层的类型为分泌型;花粉成熟时药室内壁径向加长并纤维状加厚,表皮宿存;小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为连续型,小孢子四分体排列方式主要为四面体型,还有少数一些为左右对称型,成熟花粉为2-细胞型。(2)葱兰的雌蕊3心皮合生,子房下位,中轴胎座,3室,每室具2列倒生胚珠;胚珠双珠被,厚珠心,具蓼型胚囊。(3)葱兰属的胚胎学特征与石蒜科的其他种类存在较大的差异,如葱兰属花药壁发育为单子叶型,而石蒜科花药壁发育主要为双子叶型,但葱兰属的这些胚胎学特征却和百合科较为相似。Using conventional paraffin section technique, we studied anther wall formation, sporogenesis and gametogenesis in Zephyranthes candida. The main results are as follows： （1） Anthers are tetrasporangiate. Anther wall comprises epidermis, endothecium,one middle layer and tapetum and the development of anther wall is of the Monocotyledonous type. The tapetum belongs to the secretory tape. The endothecium and epidermis persist,but the cells in endothecium develop and become elongated and fibrously thickened. The cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis is successive. Most of the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral and there are a few other types,such as Bisymmetric. Mature pollen grains are 2-celled. （2）The gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpous. The ovary is inferior with axile placentation and trilocular with two rows of anatropous ovules in each locule. The ovule is bitegmic and crassinucellate. The embryo sac development follows the Polygonum type. （3）The embryological characters of Zephyranthes are quite different from those of Amaryllidaceae. For example,the development of anther wall is of the Monocotyledonous type in Zephyranthes but of the Dicotyledonous type in Amaryllidaceae. However, these characters of Zephyranthes are similar to those of Liliaceae.

关 键 词：葱兰 花药壁 孢子发生 配子体发生 系统学意义 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]