田间便携式平底短喉道量水槽水力特性试验  

Hydraulic performance experiment of portable short-throat flume with flat base in field

作　　者：肖苡辀 王文娥[1] 胡笑涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第10期99-106,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179163);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B01)

摘　　要：为了探索研究灌区田间进水口的水量计量,该文在巴歇尔量水槽的基础上设计制作了一种体型简单、成本低的田间便携式平底短喉道量水槽,喉口宽度51 mm、长度774 mm,便于携带和田间安装;通过试验研究了该量水槽的水力性能,观测了24种流量下量水槽内11个控制断面的水位,拟合得到自由出流和淹没出流条件下的水深与流量公式,与实测流量对比,平均相对误差和最大相对误差均在10%以内,满足灌区田间量水精度要求;分析了不同流量下佛汝德数、断面比能沿槽身各控制断面的变化规律,确定临界水深断面位于该量水槽喉口段的中部偏后段;分析了槽内水头损失情况,得知该量水槽最大水头损失占上游总水头的12.10%,相较于长喉道量水槽较小,自由出流条件下槽内水头损失小于淹没出流条件下0.02倍上游总水头。该研究为田间进水口量水设施在中国北方灌区末级渠系的进一步应用提供参考。Accurate flow measurement in irrigation areas is a fundamental part in the collection, distribution, delivery and application of water resources. Flow-measuring devices are used for continuous measurement of discharges in open channels. Compared with other existing flow-measuring devices, flumes are more suitable for flow measurement in open channels and easier to be widely applied. Much research has studied different kinds of flumes, such as airfoil-shaped flow flume, water-measuring column with round head, cut-throat flume, long-throat flume, providing a variety of adjustments of the channels. But there is not much work attempting for small-size flume or flume set in the field to measure discharges of water inlet in the field. Agricultural irrigation metrology is still the weak link of current metrological work. Owing to large head loss of long-throat flume and complex hydraulic performance of cut-throat flume, short-throat flume is appropriate for water discharge measurement of inlet in the field, which needs to satisfy the requirements such as simple structure, cheap price, reasonable accuracy and low head loss. One of the most widely used open-channel short-throat flumes is Parshall flume. However, owing to high price and complex structure, Parshall flume is not the optimum choice for water discharge measurement of inlet in the field. Originated from Parshall flume, a kind of portable short-throat flume with a flat base for the field is an emerging technique developed for water discharge measurement of inlet in the field, which consists of entrance, throat and exit sections. Based on the principle of critical flow, taking the flume with the width of 51 mm, the length of 774 mm and the discharge of up to 36 L/s as study subject, the experiments are conducted under 18 working conditions to determine its hydraulic performance. Hydraulic performance of portable short-throat flume with a flat base for the field is obtained from experimental analyses on water surface profile, Froude number, specific energy, locati

关 键 词：渠道 流体力学 设计 田间量水 平底短喉道量水槽 水深-流量公式 临界水深断面 水头损失 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]