紫色土区土地整理年限对土壤理化特性的影响  

Effects of land consolidation period of farmland on soil properties in purple region

作　　者：刘涓[1] 杜静[1] 魏朝富[1] 钟茫[1] 刘波[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第10期254-261,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B06)

摘　　要：为研究土地整理对紫色土区土壤理化特性的影响,采用整理前后点对点的定位采集样品方式进行野外作业,应用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对比分析Ⅰ区(土地整理年限为19个月)、Ⅱ区(土地整理年限为7个月)与Ⅲ区(土地整理年限为1个月)土地整理前后的土壤理化性状相关关系的变化情况。结果表明:短期土地整理年限内(该文设定为19个月),土地整理年限的长短对表土层土壤性质的变化有影响。土地整理工程实施后,Ⅰ区大部分土壤性质更均匀,土壤性质的变化主要为有利的,有机质和阳离子交换量分别显著增加9.59%和13.84%(P<0.05),土壤砂粒减小(P<0.05),粉粒和黏粒增加(P<0.05),团聚体破坏率显著减小33.22%(P<0.05);Ⅱ区土层厚度显著增加为25 cm(P<0.05),砾石含量显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有效持水量显著增加102.96%(P<0.05);Ⅲ区大部分土壤性质更均匀,土壤性质的变化主要是不利的,容重显著增高14.63%(P<0.05),粉粒含量、有机质分别显著降低14.16%和24.95%(P<0.05),团聚体破坏率显著增加58%(P<0.05)。3个区域土地整理后土壤性质间的相关关系都发生了变化。Ward Linkage法各分类组分之间具有更好的相关性,而Average Linkage法与主成分分析结果具有更好的一致性。该文的研究结果可为紫色土区农田的整治工程提供依据。As a kind of human activity, the land consolidation deeply affects soil properties. The objective of this work was to analyze the impacts of land consolidation on soil physical and chemical properties such as soil depth, organic matter, aggregate stability and water retention capacity in 3 sample areas of purple region. Three different land consolidation histories were studied： One with 19 months （DistrictⅠ）, one with 7 months （DistrictⅡ）, and another within 1 month （DistrictⅢ）. Samples of the soil surface were collected at the same points before and after the land consolidation using the GPS （Global Positioning System） positioning technique. Meanwhile, principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） were applied to explore the changes of relationship between soil properties under the effects of the land consolidation. The results showed that changes of the soil properties were observed after the land consolidation in the 3 districts. In a scale of short time （19 months in this paper）, the length of land consolidation history still affected the changes of soil characteristics. Soils collected in DistrictⅠafter consolidation were characterized by better soil properties, such as higher silt content and clay content（P〈0.05）, lower sand content（P〈0.05）, higher organic matter and cation exchange capacity （increased by 9.59% and 13.84%, respectively,P〈0.05）, and lower available water capacity （decreased by 33.22%,P〈0.05）. In DistrictⅡ after consolidation, soil depth increased to 25 cm （P〈0.05）, and gravel content and soil available water capacity significantly increased （P〈0.05） as well. The land consolidation may bring about serious soil compaction, and this negative influence mainly occurred within very short time just after the consolidation, which could be testified by DistrictⅢ. In DistrictⅢ after consolidation, bulk density and the percentage of aggregate destruction were respectively 14.63% and 58% higher than those befo

关 键 词：土地利用 土壤 主成分 聚类分析 土地整理 相关关系 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] S156.49[农业科学—土壤学]