限牌政策及其替代方案的法经济学分析  

A Law and Economics Analysis of Car License Restriction and its Alternative Approaches

作　　者：范良聪[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《广东财经大学学报》2015年第3期106-113,共8页Journal of Guangdong University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(12CJL026);浙江省自然科学基金青年项目(Q14G030046)

摘　　要：面对日益严重的交通拥堵和污染,采用限牌政策的城市越来越多。然而,作为一种总量控制措施,限牌一方面会因为新增牌照的发放导致未来某一天城市通行的汽车数量超过最优规模而不具有合目的性,另一方面会因为影响相关市场主体决策、扭曲资源配置而不具有合理性。作为一种基于价格机制的替代方案,征收拥堵费理论上存在治堵作用,但却可能因为价格信号扭曲而导致效率损失;与此相反,在确定道路通行最优规模后构建一个通行权拍卖市场,并搭建相应的权利交易平台,以市场内生的价格来引导稀缺道路资源的配置是理论上最优的治堵选择,且只需在现有汽车牌照拍卖制度上做细节调整,具有可操作性。Car license restriction has increasingly been used as a main approach to fighting against traffic congestion in modern metropolitans in recent China. This paper analyzes the effect of car license restriction and its alternative approaches on remedying traffic congestion. It turns out that car license restriction,as an approach aiming at controlling aggregation input into the traffic common pool resource,has at most temporary effects,because the total amount of cars would exceed optimal level in time as car licenses increase daily.Meanwhile,car license restriction generates substantial inefficiency in resource allocation. An alternative approach,i. e.,levying congestion fee,might generate a positive effect on controlling traffic congestion,but it would also cause potential efficiency loses as the congestion fee set by the government might deviate from equilibrium. Instead,introducing a market for auctioning the right-of-way after ascertaining the optimal size of traffic would be a theoretically optimal approach on remedying traffic congestion. Although it might suffer higher administrative costs than the other two,it still deserves careful considerations based on cost-benefit analysis.

关 键 词：限牌 拥堵费 通行权 外部性 实质合法性 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] F572.88[政治法律—法学]