滴灌条件下浅层土壤双点源坑渗特性研究  

Effects of Pit-types on Infiltration Characteristics of Double Points in Shallow Soil under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：白有帅 贾生海[1] 雒天峰[2] 黄彩霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省水利科学研究院,兰州730020

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第5期23-27,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51169001)

摘　　要：通过室内模拟试验,研究了滴头流量为1L/h,间距为300mm的单行滴灌带双点源滴灌时倒圆锥型、倒凸台型和普通平整地表(无坑型)3种砂壤土的土壤入渗特性。结果表明,坑的形状对湿润锋水平最大湿润距离和垂向最大湿润距离均有一定影响,幂函数能较好地拟合湿润锋水平和垂向运移距离与时间的关系。灌水结束后,垂向最大入渗距离表现为倒凸台型>倒圆锥型>无坑型,水平入渗为无坑型两点源交汇,交汇处向下入渗距离为6cm;倒圆锥型坑和倒凸台坑型二点源湿润锋未交汇,地表湿润锋的距离分别为8.6cm和7.8cm,最大湿润锋的水平距离分别为0.5cm和0.7cm;湿润比表现为无坑型>倒圆锥型>倒凸台型,无坑型土壤湿润比比倒圆锥型及倒凸台坑型分别显著(P<0.05)高出35.95%及36.57%,但倒圆锥型和倒凸台坑型土壤湿润比无显著差异。In order to investigate sandy loam infiltration characteristics of double points in shallow soil under drip irrigation by a laboratory simulation test, a single-line of drip irrigation was set up with emitters flow of 1 L/h and spacing of 300 mm. There were three forms including inverted cone-type and inverted boss-type and ordinary flat surface（no soil pit-type）. The results showed that the shape of soil pit-type had a certain influence on the maximal horizontal distance and the maximal vertical distance of wetting front. Power function could he better fitting the relationship of between horizontal and vertical distance of wetting front and time. The maximal vertical distance of wetting front showed inverted boss-type〉inverted cone-type〉ordinary flat surface after irrigation. In the horizontal infiltration, the horizontal infiltration points of double points had intersection with ordinary flat surface, and downward infiltration distance was 6 cm after irrigation, while wetting fronts of the inverted cone-type and inverted boss-type had no intersection, their distances from surface with inverted cone-type and inverted boss-type treatments were 8.6 cm and 7.8 cm, respectively, and the maximum horizontal distances were 0.5 cm and 0.7 cm, respectively. However, wet ratios were ordinary flat surface〉inverted cone-type〉inverted boss-type, and the soil ratio with no soil pit-type was 35. 95% and 36. 57% significantly higher （P〈0. 05） than that with inverted cone-type and inverted boss-type, respectively, and there was no significant difference between inverted cone-type and inverted boss-type.

关 键 词：浅层土壤 双点源入渗 湿润锋 湿润比 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]