开花坐果期不同水分下限对温室滴灌甜瓜产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Moisture Lower Limits on Quality and Yield of Greenhouse Muskmelon in Blossom and Fruit-set Period under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：龚雪文 孙景生[1] 刘浩[1] 张莹莹[1] 张昊[1] 李勇[1] 周小飞[1] 廉明明[1] 崔嘉欣[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002 [2]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第5期28-32,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家高技术发展研究计划项目(2011AA100502;2011AA100509);国家自然科学基金项目(51009140)

摘　　要：为确定温室膜下滴灌甜瓜开花坐果期适宜灌溉控制指标,采用小区试验,研究了开花坐果期4种土壤水分控制下限对甜瓜生长发育、产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,开花坐果期,甜瓜株高和单株叶面积均随土壤水分下限的升高而增大。土壤水分控制在田间持水率75%时,坐果历时最短,且单果质量、果实横径和纵径均最大,果形指数较佳;水分过高或过低均不利于甜瓜产量增加,土壤水分控制在田间持水率75%时,产量最高,且灌溉水利用效率较CK提高了15.46%。甜瓜的可溶性糖、Vc、可溶性固形物(TTS)均随土壤水分下限的增大而先增大后减小,均以土壤水分控制在田间持水率65%时最大;可溶性蛋白随土壤水分下限的升高而先增大后减小,以土壤水分控制在田间持水率75%时最大;可滴定酸随土壤水分下限的增大而减小。综合考虑,温室膜下滴灌甜瓜开花坐果期土壤水分下限控制在田间持水率75%时,可实现优质、高产、高效。To determine the adaptive irrigation control index during blossom and fruit-setting period for greenhouse muskmelon, the effects of 4 different soil moisture lower limits on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of muskmelon were studied through plot experiments. The results showed that plant height and leaf area per plant increased with soil moisture lower limit increasing in blossom and fruit-setting stage. The time of fruit setting was shortened, the highest fruit weight, length and width appeared, and the fruit shape index was higher in the treatment of 75%FC. Lower soil moisture and higher soil moisture inhibited the muskmelon yield, the highest yield appeared in the treatment of 75 %FC, and irrigation water use efficiency increased by 15.46% compared with CK. Soluble sugar content, vitamin C content, total soluble solids content （TTS） and soluble protein content increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil moisture lower limit, the maximum values for the first three quality parameters appeared in the treatment of 65%FC while the top of soluble protein content appeared in the treatment of 75%FC. Titratable acid content decreased with the increase of soil moisture lower limit. It is recommended that the lower limit of soil moisture should be 75%FC.

关 键 词：温室 甜瓜 水分控制下限 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学] S652