卵母细胞发育和受精中的重编程及对雄原核重编程的影响  

Reprogramming in Oocyte Development and Fertilization and its Effect on the Reprogramming in Male Pronucleus

作　　者：孙乐[1] 丁之德[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学临床医学系 [2]上海交通大学解剖学与组织胚胎学系,200025

出　　处：《国际生殖健康／计划生育杂志》2015年第3期234-238,共5页Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning

摘　　要：哺乳动物发育过程中细胞的重编程是当前细胞生物学、转化医学等领域研究的热点之一,因其在体细胞核移植、诱导多能干细胞及再生医学中的应用前景引起了广泛关注。表观遗传学修饰是重编程的主要内容,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白翻译后修饰、基因组印迹、非编码RNA调控等,这些均可通过不同的机制调控基因组的表达。如卵母细胞发育与成熟过程伴随着基因组的从头甲基化、减数分裂相关基因的去甲基化和组蛋白翻译后的修饰等。此外,受精中,卵母细胞又与进入其中的雄原核发生相互作用,为雄原核基因组的去甲基化等过程提供重编程的环境。总结近年来关于卵母细胞发育和受精过程中重编程机制的研究进展及在胚胎发育中的意义,并探讨自然生殖状况下卵母细胞环境对外源性雄原核重编程的影响。Reprogramming in mammalian cell development is currently a scientific hotspot of cell biology,translational medicine,and so on,due to its extensive prospect of application in somatic cell nuclear transplantation （SCNT）,induced pluriponent stem cell （iPS） and regenerative medicine. Epigenetic modification is major reprogramming,including DNA methylation,histone post -translational modifications,genomic imprinting,non-coding RNAs,and so on,which regulates genome expression via different mechanisms. For instance, the development and maturation of oocyte is closely associated with the de novo methylation of genome, demethylation of meiosis genes, post-translational histone modifications, etc. Besides, the oocyte provides an optimal reprogramming environment for the demethylation and other reprogramming processes of male pronucleus genome via their reciprocal interactions. The reprogramming in oocyte development and further fertilization,as well as its significance in embryonic development, was reviewed, and the effect of oocyte＇s environment on the reprogramming of penetrated male pronucleus during natural fertilization was also discussed.

关 键 词：卵母细胞 核重编程 受精 胚胎发育 雄原核 

分 类 号：R321[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]