太湖地区绿肥还田模式下氮肥的深度减量效应  

Further reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application in paddy field under green manuring of Taihu Area,China

作　　者：赵冬[1,2,3] 颜廷梅[1] 乔俊[1,3] 杨林章[1] 汤芳[4] 宋云飞[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]金坛市国土资源局,江苏金坛213200

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第6期1673-1678,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171236);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B03);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014);国家水专项(2012ZX07204003)资助

摘　　要：通过绿肥还田条件下免施基肥的氮肥深度减量试验,研究了稻季田面水氮素含量、氮素径流损失及水稻产量的变化.结果表明:在太湖地区绿肥还田模式下,追施150 kg·hm-2无机氮,与施基肥相比,不施基肥可以大大降低田面水的氮素浓度,减少了17.2%的氮素径流流失,且作物产量提高了2.8%.无机氮肥仅作追肥的施肥方式是可行的,但过量减施或增施无机氮肥均不能获得最高的产量.在太湖地区尝试紫云英还田条件下免施基肥,同时补充133 kg·hm-2无机氮作追肥,既可以大大减少无机肥的投入、保证水稻产量,也可以减少稻田氮素的排放量,实现水稻产量效应和环境效应的协调.This study focused on the nitrogen loss via runoff, change of nitrogen in different forms in surface water in paddy field, and grain yield, through further reduction of nitrogen fertilizer ap- plication rate under green manuring without basal dressing. Results showed that with 150 kg · hm-2 inorganic N fertilizer input after return of green manure to soil, no basal dressing could not only sharply reduce N concentration in surface water and decrease 17.2% of N loss, but also increase 2.8% of grain yield in comparison with basal dressing. It was a worthwhile farming method that inor- ganic nitrogen fertilizer was not used for basal dressing but for topdressing after return of green ma- nure to soil in Taihu Area. However, the grain yield would decrease if the rate of topdressing nitro- gen was excessively reduced or increased. After all, it was feasible to realize harmonization of grain yield and environmental benefits in Taihu Area, with 133 kg · hm-2 inorganic N fertilizer input after return of green manure to soil as well as no application of basal dressing, which could greatly reduce N ferti-lizer input and N loss as well as ensure rice yield.

关 键 词：太湖地区 绿肥还田 无机氮追肥 免施基肥 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]