红壤生物结皮对土壤侵蚀及养分的影响  

Effects of Biological Crust on Soil Erosion and Nutrient in Red Soil

作　　者：胡尧[1] 侯雨乐[1] 李懿[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿坝师范高等专科学校,四川阿坝611741

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2015年第5期114-119,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：阿坝师范高等专科学校校级规划课题"汾河流域旱涝灾害研究"(ASB14-09)

摘　　要：为了解生物结皮在红壤坡面养分流失过程中的作用,为建立坡面土壤养分流失模型和防治水土流失、保护生态环境提供科学依据,采用人工降雨方法,模拟在无结皮和有结皮不同发育程度下,研究川西红壤生物结皮对土壤侵蚀及养分的影响。结果表明：结皮促使土壤坡面产流提前发生,降低了土壤剖面径流和抑制产沙;生物结皮显著增加了土壤含水量、电导率、全盐和总孔隙度,但并没有影响pH和容重;与无结皮相比,生物结皮显著影响土壤有机碳、无机碳、全钾和有效钾含量,未影响土壤磷素和氮素含量,土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和有效钾含量分别增加12.51%、6.67%、4.04%、2.49%、2.60%、16.10%和16.08%,无机碳和硝态氮分别减少8.32%和8.26%。土壤垂直方向生物结皮处理土壤养分0-5cm和5-10cm土层相近,且明显高于底层土壤,相同土层土壤养分基本表现为生物结皮〉无结皮,局部有波动;15-20cm土层无结皮处理土壤养分与有结皮处理土壤养分相近,表明生物结皮具有较好的养分积累效应,但这种富集对0-10cm土层的作用较明显,而对深层土壤影响并不大。Pearson相关分析表明,土壤有机碳与其他养分之间基本呈正相关,而无机碳则相反,表明生物结皮对有机碳和无机碳的影响存在相互补偿作用机制,即生物结皮导致有机碳的增加可能意味着无机碳的减少。The effects of biological crust on soil erosion and nutrients in red soil were studied under simulating different development degree of non-crust and crust by artificial rainfall method to know the effect of biological crust on nutrient loss of red soil slope surface and provide the scientific basis for building soil nutrient loss model of slope surface,control of water and soil erosion and protection of ecological environment.The results showed that crust can promote runoff occurrence of soil slope surface early,reduces runoff of soil slope and control of sedimentation.Biological crust improves soil moisture, conductivity,total salt and total porosity significantly but does not influence P and N content.The soil organic carbon,TN,ammonium nitrogen,available P,TK and available K content under the biological crust condition is 12.51%,6.67%,4.04%,2.49%,2.60%,16.10% and 16.08 higher than under the non-crust condition respectively,and inorganic carbon and nitrate nitrogen content under the biological crust condition is 8.32% and 8.26% lower than under the non-crust condition.Soil nutrients in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers under the biological crust condition are no obvious difference and are higher than in the bottom soil significantly.Soil nutrients in the same soil layer is biological crust treatment 〉non-crust treatment basically.Soil nutrients in 15 - 20 cm soil layer of non- crust treatment is close to biological crust treatment,which indicates that biological crust is of good nutrient accumulative effect but its enrichment has the obvious effect on 0 - 10 cm soil layer.Pearson correlation analysis indicates soil organic carbon is positively related to other nutrients basically but inorganic carbon is on the contrary, which indicates there is a mutual compensation mechanism in the effect of biological crust on organic carbon and inorganic carbon.That is,biological crust treatment results in organic carbon increase and inorganic carbon decrease.

关 键 词：红壤 生物结皮 土壤侵蚀 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]