矿田地质分类研究  

A discussion on the classification in ore field geology

作　　者：吕古贤[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《地学前缘》2015年第4期1-12,共12页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201011025-13);国家科技支撑计划项目(201011048);国家自然科学基金项目(40972061);山东省国土资源厅项目(鲁地调合[2012]33号)

摘　　要：矿田地质学是研究矿田建造、矿田构造和矿田成矿的学科领域。本文提出矿田的构造岩相分类建议。矿田第一层次的构造岩相分类以成矿地质作用和成矿地质环境为基础,概分为4大类,即沉积矿田或沉积岩相矿田、岩浆矿田或岩浆岩相矿田、变质矿田或变质岩相矿田以及复成型构造蚀变矿田或构造蚀变岩相矿田。考虑矿田成矿构造环境的规模、可识别性和可观测性,本研究以次级岩相建造划分矿田类型:比如在火山岩矿田类型之中,应该具体细分为火山角砾岩相矿田、火山熔结凝灰岩相矿田等类型。初步划分了31类构造岩相矿田:例如,山东淄博湖泊相铝土矿田、德兴陆相次火山热液相斑岩铜矿田、攀枝花基性辉长岩相钒钛磁铁矿田、美国上湖绿片岩相铁矿田、胶东玲珑焦家式黄铁绢英岩相金矿田等。矿田成矿作用和环境及其构造岩相分类,将会推动矿田尺度的地质调查和勘探,推进构造结合建造研究,为矿田地质研究紧密结合找矿预测提供了一个基础分类和研究思路。Ore field geology is a research direction which needs to synthesize several subjects, like ore field building, ore field structure geology, and ore field mineralization. This paper puts forwards a suggestion on the classification of structural lithofacies of ore fields. The first level of classification of structure lithofacies of ore field is based on the metallogenic geological processes, and mainly consists of four types： sedimentary mineralization or sedimentary lithofacies ore field, magmatic mineralization or magmatic lithofacies ore field, metamorphic mineralization or metamorphic lithofacies ore field, and structure alteration or structure alteration lithofacies ore field. In consideration of the scale, identifiability and observability of the structural environment of mineralization of ore field, we classified the ore fields into types according to the secondary lithofacies building of the ore field. For example, in magmatic lithofacies ore field, it should be divided into volcanic breccia lithofacies ore field, volcanic ignimbrite lithofacies ore field and so on. There are 31 kinds of structural lithofacies ore fields being preliminarily classified. For instance, the lacustrine facies monohydrallite ore field in Zibo of Shandong Province, the continental facies and sub-volcano-hydrothermal facies porphyry copper ore field in Dexing, the basite gabbro lithofacies vanadium titano-magnetite in Panzhihua, the greenschist facies iron ore field in Upper Lake of America, the Linglong-Jiaojia style beresite facies gold ore filed in Jiaodong and so on. The ore field mineralization, the ore-forming environment and the classification based on structural lithofacies will promote the geological research and exploration in mesoscale and the combination of the structure and building researches. And they also provide a method, idea and basic classification for close combination of geological research with ore prediction.

关 键 词：矿田地质学 成矿作用 成矿环境 矿田构造岩相分类 

分 类 号：P613[天文地球—矿床学] P623.3[天文地球—地质学]