蚌科DNA条形码识别与系统发育分析  

DNA Barcoding and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Freshwater Unionids

作　　者：欧阳解秀[1] 苏金荟 欧阳珊[2] 周春花[2] 吴小平[2] 李绍波[2] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学医学实验教学中心,南昌330036 [2]南昌大学生命科学学院,南昌330031

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2015年第6期779-787,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31360636和No.30860045);江西省自然科学基金项目(No.20131522040178和No.20142BAB214016)

摘　　要：DNA条形码技术能准确、快速地鉴定物种,对物种分类和系统发育研究有着重要意义。作为真瓣鳃目(Eulamellibranchia)中最大的一个科,蚌(Unionidae)是淡水生态系统中的关键物种。本研究依据我国19种蚌的线粒体CO1(cytochrome c oxidase 1)和ND1(NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1)基因片段的测序结果,结合NCBI数据库中10种美国蚌相关基因的序列信息,采用DNA条形码技术,进行种间、种内遗传距离分析,构建系统发育树。结果表明,1)除三角蛏蚌(Solenaia triangularis)与河蛏蚌(Solenaia rivularis)外,DNA条形码对物种识别结果与形态鉴定结果基本一致;2)种间遗传距离均大于种内遗传距离10倍以上,说明基于线粒体CO1和ND1基因的DNA条形码技术可以用于蚌科物种的快速鉴定;3)在分子系统发育树中,每个物种都独自聚为一支。本研究结果为DNA条形码技术用于准确鉴定蚌科物种、分析蚌科生物量和保护淡水贝类提供了重要参考依据。DNA barcoding technique, taking a standardized DNA region as a tag, has been proved to be a new accurate approach in species identification and phylogenetic analysis of creatures. As the largest family of Eulamellibranchia, Unionidae plays a key role in freshwater ecosystems. We sequenced partial fragments of 2 mitochondrial genes （cytochrome c oxidase 1 （C01） and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I （ND1）） in 19 species from China, and analyzed their relationships together with the published data of 10 American unionids from NCBI. The research based on the amplification and sequencing of 2 mitochondrial genes C01 and ND1 in 19 species of mussels from China, and combined with the sequence information of 10 American unionids in the NCBI database. By using DNA barcoding technology, the research analyzed intraspecific distances and interspecific distances for unionid species, and phylogenetic tree of these species was also constructed. For most of the species, the relationship between species based on the genetic distance were consistent with that by traditional taxonomies according to morphological characteristics. However, as for Solenaia, 2 species （Solenaia triangularis vs Solenaia rivularis） showed little molecular differentiation. The intraspecific genetic distances were much less than interspecific genetic distances for both C01 and ND1 sequences in the 19 unionids species. These results suggested that both CO1 and ND1 should be useful DNA barcoding for identification and phylogenetic analysis of mussel species. This research provides important references for identifing species through DNA barcoding technology, studying the biomass and conservation strategies of freshwater Unionids.

关 键 词：蚌科 DNA条形码 线粒体DNA 系统发育 

分 类 号：S852.659.5[农业科学—基础兽医学]