量子力学多世界解释的语境论归宿  

Contextualist Solution to the Interpretation of Many-World in Quantum Mechanics

作　　者：刘伟伟[1] 贺天平[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学社会学学院,太原030006 [2]山西大学科学技术史研究所,太原030006

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2015年第3期149-156,160,共8页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：霍英东教育基金项目(131099);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(13YJC720012);山西省高等学校人文社科重点研究基地项目(2014302);山西省高等学校中青年拔尖创新人才计划项目(2013052001);山西省软科学研究项目(2014041045-1)

摘　　要：20世纪中后期,由于科学哲学家们对逻辑经验主义的还原论倾向进行了持续不断的批判,人们开始在超越理性主义与经验主义对立的基础上试图去开辟新的哲学发展道路,希望从整体论的角度上去打破科学哲学的二元对立思维倾向,引入语境实践的相关背景,将事物、现象看作是一种语境之网中的存在,而真理则被视为是一种语境整体作用的结果,语境论的思想因此逐渐凸显出来。多世界解释从对于整体论思想的倚重到对于语境论思想的引入,既是传统量子力学理论应对还原论挑战与威胁的一种被动选择,同时也是多世界解释增强自身理论辩护能力、开拓理论发展空间的必然出路。从哲学的层面上来看,语境论思想吸纳、借鉴并超越了有原则的科学一元论立场,它作为一种包容性极强的基础理论,最大限度地整合了当代语言哲学、分析哲学以及认知哲学所共有的方法论优势,从而能够成为量子力学理论研究重要的、基础性的理论背景。多世界解释的语境决定论实际上是一种具有相对性色彩的绝对论,这种决定论在相对与绝对之间保持了适度的平衡,因此它是一种非严格的决定论。在语境论的视域下,量子力学多世界解释的不同立场可以并立与包容,论争焦点能不断集中与凝聚,辩护视域才能日益扩展与交融,论证方法才能相互渗透与借鉴。The interpretation of many-world changes its framework from holism to contextualism,and this is attributed to not only a passive reaction of the traditional quantum mechanics to the challenges from reductionism,but also an inevitable course,through which the interpretation of many-world may strengthen the ability to defend itself theoretically and expand the space of theoretical development. Philosophically,contextualism absorbs,utilizes and goes beyond the position of the principled scientific monism. As a fundamental theory with extreme inclusiveness,contextualism integrates,to the utmost,the methodological advantages shared by contemporary philosophy of language,analytic philosophy and cognitive philosophy,thus becoming a significant and fundamental theoretical background for quantum mechanics. Contextual determinism of many-world interpretation is sort of absolutism of relativity,which keeps a proper balance between relativity and absoluteness,hence a non-rigorous determinism. In the perspective of contextualism,positions in many-world interpretation of quantum mechanics may be independent or inclusive; the focuses of controversy can be more concentrated and shared by others; the theoretic perspectives may be further expanded or fused together; and the methods of arguing may be learned from each other.

关 键 词：量子力学 语境论 多世界解释 整体论 一元论 决定论 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]