成矿元素镍运移和沉淀机制综述  

Mechanisms of Nickel Transportation and Depositon in Nickel Deposits

作　　者：杨尚松[1] 刘家军[1] 张德会[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《地质科技情报》2015年第3期37-44,共8页Geological Science and Technology Information

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金项目(41030423);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(1212011220924)

摘　　要：对镍的基本化学特征、赋存状态、分配系数、运移和沉淀机理进行了总结。镍是典型的过渡族元素,具有亲铁和亲硫双重属性,主要赋存在地核与地幔之中。自然界中,镍通常以吸附、类质同象和独立矿物的形式存在,并且在早期结晶的矿物中镍的含量要高于晚期结晶的矿物。在不同的体系中镍表现出不同的分配系数及相容性,且随着温度、压力和氧逸度而变化。镍在水溶液中很不活泼,但是Cl的加入会增加镍的溶解度并形成[NiCli(H2O)6-i]2-i、[NiCl2(H2O)2]和[NiCl3(H2O)]-等络合物。镍一般随着幔源岩浆上涌,受到重力分异作用的影响后赋存在铁镁质和超铁镁质岩体的下盘,以硫化物矿石的形式存在。Basing on the previous research, this paper summarizes the geochemical characteristics of nickel （occurrence state, partition coefficient, transportation and deposition mechanism） in nickel deposits. Nickel is typical transition metal element characterizing with dual siderophile and sulphophile, and mainly occures at core and mantle layer. In the nature, nickel usually exists as the states of adsorption, isomor- phism and independent minerals. Thurther more, the content of nickel is higher in the early crystallized mineral than the one crytallized in the later stage. The partition coefficient of nickel changes with the change of system, temperature, pressure and oxygen fugacity. Generally, nickel is inactive in the aqueous solution, but it can he progressively active with the increasing of the chlorine, and transform into comple- xes, such as [NiCli （H2 O） 6-1]2- i, [NiCl2 （H2 O）2 ], [NiCl3 （H2 O） ] etc. The ore-forming materials of nick- el deposit come from mantle layer, and the nickel sulfide is precipitated and enriched in the footwall of the mafic-ultramafic intrusion.

关 键 词：镍 化学特征 赋存状态 分配系数 沉淀富集 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]