落叶燃烧排放的颗粒物及有机碳、元素碳的研究  

Emission of Particulate Matter,Organic and Elemental Carbon from Burning of Fallen Leaves

作　　者：杨伟宗[1] 刘刚[1] 李久海[1] 徐慧[1] 吴丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学》2015年第4期1202-1207,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41073019);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20130998)

摘　　要：为研究落叶燃烧排放的颗粒物（PM）及有机碳（OC）、元素碳（Ec），采用明燃和闷燃两种形式对10种乔木的落叶进行燃烧实验，采集了排放的烟尘，并用元素碳／有机碳分析仪测定样品的OC和EC含量．结果表明，落叶在明燃状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子范围分别为7．9～31．9、0．9～9．7、3．6～13．9g·kg^-1，平均值分别为19．7、5．2、6．8g·kg^-1．闷燃状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子范围分别为61．3～128．9、31．7～60．4、1．9～6．0g·kg^-1，平均值分别为91．0、43．0、4．0g·kg^-1．明燃和闷燃的OC／EC变化范围分别为0．21～1．82和8．16～16．84．明燃状态下OC／PM、EC／PM的范围分别为0．11～0．41和0．18。0．56．闷燃状态下OC／PM、EC／PM的范围分别为0．43～0．53和0．03～0．06．OC和PM的排放因子在两种燃烧状态下均呈现显著的相关性．在不同的燃烧状态下，各组分之间的排放因子具有较大的差异，OC的排放因子在闷燃状态下高于明燃状态，而EC的排放因子则相反．不同燃烧状态下PM、OC、EC的排放因子及它们之间的比值分析，对建立森林生物质燃烧源排放清单以及来源解析具有重要意义．The two kinds of burning conditions, i. e. , flaming and smoldering, were selected to investigate the particulate matter （PM） , organic carbon （OC） , and elemental carbon （EC） from burning of ten kinds of fallen leaves. In the experiment, the emission smoke was sampled from the fallen leaves burning, in which the OC and EC loadings were measured by the Thermal Optical Carbon Analyzer. The results showed that the emission factors of PM, OC, and EC were 7.9-31.9, 0.9-9.7 ,and 3.6-13.9 g·kg^-1 , with the average values of 19.7, 5.2, and 6.8 g·kg^-1 , respectively, under the flaming condition. The emission factors of PM, OC, and EC were 61.3-128.9, 31.7-60.4, and 1.9-6.0 g·kg^-1, with the average values of 91.0, 43.0, and 4.0 g·kg^-1, respectively, under the smoldering condition. The OC/EC ratio ranged from 0.21 to 1.82 and from 8. 16 to 16.84 under the flaming and smoldering condition, respectively. The OC/PM and EC/PM ratios ranged from 0.11 to 0.41 and from 0. 18 to 0.56, respectively under the flaming condition. The OC/PM and EC/PM ratios, however, ranged from 0.43 to 0. 53 and from 0.03 to 0.06, respectively, under the smoldering condition. The OC emission factor was well correlated with the PM emission factor in the two burning conditions. Those results indicated that rather different emission factors occurred in all kind of components in different burning emission. In addition, the OC emission factor was higher under the smoldering condition than that under the flaming condition. However, the EC emission factor was higher under flaming condition, compared with that under smoldering condition. Analysis of the PM, OC, and EC emission factor and their ratios was beneficial for building the emission list from the biomass burning and the sources apportionment.

关 键 词：落叶燃烧 PM OC EC 排放因子 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]