工业VOCs经济手段和工程技术减排对比性分析  

Comparison Analysis of Economic and Engineering Control of Industrial VOCs

作　　者：王宇飞[1,2] 刘昌新[3] 程杰[2] 郝郑平[2] 王铮[3] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]中国科学院科技政策与科技管理研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《环境科学》2015年第4期1507-1512,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重大研究计划项目(2012CB955804);中国科学院科技创新交叉与合作团队项目;环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201309073,201409016)

摘　　要：挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染已经同二氧化硫、氮氧化物和颗粒物等成为目前我国重点城市群的主要大气污染物.工业领域是挥发性有机物的主要排放部门,工程技术减排是重要的控制措施之一."十二五"期间,我国计划投资400亿元建设重点行业挥发性有机物污染治理项目,年减排量计划为60.5万t·a-1.技术减排被提到了一个新的高度,表明了国家对工程技术减排的重视.本研究采用宏观经济学可计算的一般均衡模型,对工程技术减排与经济手段(环境税)进行政策模拟,进行比对性分析,探讨了两种减排方法的优劣.研究认为,当前经济条件下,相同减排量下,考虑宏观经济损失,环境税减排的成本远高于技术减排.结合目前我国实际情况,为鼓励工程技术减排,建议政府给予企业约为7 500元·t-1的财政补贴.Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） pollutant has become China＇s major air pollutant in key urban areas like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. It is mainly produced from industry sectors, and engineering control is one of the most important reduction measures. During the 12th Five-Year Plan, China decides to invest 40 billion RMB to build pollution control projects in key industry sectors with annual emission reduction of 605 000 t·a^-1. It shows that China attaches a great importance to emission reduction by engineering projects and highlights the awareness of engineering reduction technologies. In this paper, a macroeconomic model, namely computable general equilibrium model, （CGE model） was employed to simulate engineering control and economic control （ imposing environmental tax）. We aim to compare the pros and cons of the two reduction policies. Considering the economic loss of the whole country, the environmental tax has more impacts on the economy system than engineering reduction measures. We suggest that the central government provides 7 500 RMB·t^-1 as subsidy for enterprises in industry sectors to encourage engineering reduction.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物 工程技术减排 环境税 可计算的一般均衡模型 工业领域 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]