不同形态的砷水生生物基准探讨及在辽河流域的初步应用  

Development of aquatic life criteria for arsenic species and its application in Liao River

作　　者：张娟[1] 闫振广[1] 高富[1] 武江越[1] 裴淑玮[1] 周俊丽[1] 刘征涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2015年第4期1164-1173,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2012ZX07501-003-06);科技部基础工作专项(No.2014FY120600)~~

摘　　要：有毒元素砷在我国各流域分布广泛,主要包括三价和五价两种价态,其毒性差别很大,目前我国缺乏本土的砷水质基准研究,而国外的砷水质基准多以总砷表示,科学性有待商榷.因此,本文分别搜集了三价砷、五价砷和总砷对我国本土水生生物的毒性数据,共获得三价砷12属12种,五价砷18种23属,以及总砷25属29种的合格数据.利用美国环保局推荐的物种敏感度排序法,通过数据分析得出,三价砷的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为84.26 μg· L-1和56.55 μg·L-1,五价砷的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为1171 μg·L-1和633.3 μg·L-1,总砷的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为264.4 μg·L-1和150.7 μg·L-1;总砷的基准阈值与美国现行砷基准值相当,而五价砷基准阈值与三价砷基准阈值体现出数量级的差异,因此,需要分价态考虑砷基准的制定.基于推算的砷基准阈值,用商值法评价了辽河流域枯水期总砷暴露的生态风险.检测结果表明,辽河的总砷暴露浓度范围在2.6-82.4 μ上g·L-1之间,全部位点均无风险,但西辽河段上游支流两点位的砷浓度分别超出三价砷慢性基准阈值的1.20和1.45倍,表明可能存在潜在的砷暴露风险.Toxic arsenic exists in many waters in China, and major valence states include arsenite and arsenate which have great difference in toxicity. This difference needs to be considered when developing the unestablished aquatic life criteria for arsenic in China, which was neglected by foreign countries in their developed aquatic life criteria for arsenic. In this study, we collected toxic data about arsenic on local species in China from published literatures, including 12 genres and 12 species for arsenite, 18 genres and 23 species for arsenate, and 25 genres and 29 species for the total arsenic, to develop the aquatic life criteria for arsenic in China using the sensitive species rank method （SSR） recommended by US Environmental Protection Agent （US E PA）. Results showed that the acute and chronic criteria values were 84.26 μg·L-1and 56.55 μg·L-1 for arsenite, 1171 μg·L-1 and 633.3 μg·L-1 for arsenate, and 264.4 μg·L-1and 150.7 μg·L-1 for the total arsenic, respectively. In conclusion, the criteria range for the total arsenic was similar to that in USEPA, whereas the range for arsenate was ten times that for arsenite. Exposed arsenic risk in Liao River was assessed by the hazard quotient （HQ） method based on the criteria for arsenic that the arsenic concentrations in all sampling sites ranged from 2.6 μg·L-1 to 82.4 μg·L-1under the risk limit. Potential risk existed in two sites in the upstream of West Liao River where arsenic concentrations was 1.2 and 1.45 times the chronic criteria value for arsenite, respectively.

关 键 词：砷 生态风险分析 敏感度排序法(SSR) 水质基准 辽河 

分 类 号：X820.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]