民事法律的正当溯及既往问题  

The Question of Appropriate Retroactivity in Civil Law

作　　者：房绍坤[1] 张洪波[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院,教授烟台264005

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2015年第5期106-124,205-206,共19页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"民事法律的溯及原则及其适用问题研究"(项目批准号:10CFX072)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：溯及既往的民事法律侵害个人自由,使人不能依据法律而行动,损害了法律的权威且近乎于人治,为现代法治国家所禁止;判断民事法律是否溯及既往,不能单纯以既得权受损害作为标准,也不能将法律对权利的限制纳入其中,其判断标准应当是行为和自然事实;民事法律在例外下可以溯及既往,对当事人有利的、矫治型的、以公共秩序和善良风俗为内容的民事法律也可以溯及既往;新创民事法律、未生效民事法律、援引规范与司法解释是否发生溯及既往问题需要区分情况认定。Retroactivity in civil law leads to disregard for the law.As retroactivity infringes on personal freedom and detracts from the authority of the law,leaving it virtually equivalent to the rule of man,it is prohibited in modern nations governed by the rule of law.In judging whether civil law is retroactive,the criterion should not simply be its infringement on vested rights,nor should it cover restriction of rights.Rather,the criterion for judgement should be actions and natural facts.In exceptional cases civil law can be retroactive,when it benefits the parties concerned,is corrective in nature,and concerns public order and morality.Whether newly enacted civil law or civil law that has not yet taken effect and the citation of regulations and judicial interpretations are retroactive should be determined on the basis of the circumstances.

关 键 词：民事法律 溯及既往 个人自由 权利限制 公共秩序 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]