风力机叶片结构参数敏感性分析及优化设计  

Parameter sensitivity analysis and optimization for structure of wind turbine blades

作　　者：朱杰[1] 蔡新[1,2] 潘盼[1] 顾荣蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学力学与材料学院,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期156-162,共7页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：江苏高校"沿海开发与保护协同创新中心"计划(苏政办发[2013]56号);南通市科技引导专项(2013400303)

摘　　要：以某1.5 MW风力机叶片为实例,建立叶片有限元模型,并对叶片关键结构参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明,铺层角度对叶片结构特性影响最大,主梁帽宽度及铺层厚度的影响次之,主梁帽铺层位置以及腹板布置位置的影响最小。在敏感性分析的基础上,建立以叶片质量最轻为目标函数,以主梁帽宽度、铺层数、铺层位置以及腹板布置位置为设计变量,以叶片的强度、刚度与振动性能为约束条件的优化设计数学模型,采用遗传算法与有限元法相结合的方法对叶片结构进行优化设计研究。与原设计方案相比,优化设计方案的叶片质量减轻9.8%,结构应变分布更为合理,且不会发生共振,表明优化方法合理有效。A finite element model of a 1. 5 MW wind turbine blade was established,and sensitivity analysis of key structural parameters was carried out. The results show that the ply angle has the greatest influence on the structural performance of the blade,with the width and the layer thickness of the spar cap coming second,and that the layer locations of the spar cap and the position of the shear web have the least influence. Based on the sensitivity analysis,an optimization design mathematical model pursued with respect to minimum mass of the blade was developed. The width,layer number,and layer location of the spar cap,and the position of the shear web were employed as the design variables,while the demands of strength,stiffness,and stability of the blade were taken into account as the constraint conditions. The optimization design of the blade was carried out by combining the genetic algorithm and the finite element method. Compared with the original design,the optimization design results achieve a decrease of 9. 8% of blade mass,and the strain distribution of the structure is more reasonable,without occurrence of resonance,showing that the method used in this study is efficient.

关 键 词：风力机叶片 结构参数敏感性分析 优化设计 叶片质量 遗传算法 有限元法 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]