红外光谱在纤维质文物材料鉴别中的应用研究  

Investigation of Fibrous Cultural Materials by Infrared Spectroscopy

作　　者：罗曦芸[1] 杜一平[2] 沈美华 张文清[2] 周新光[1] 方淑英[2] 张璇[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海博物馆文物保护与考古科学实验室,上海200050 [2]华东理工大学上海市功能性材料化学重点实验室,上海200237 [3]上海市毛麻纺织科学技术研究所,上海200082

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2015年第1期60-64,共5页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2006BAK20B01-4)资助

摘　　要：纺织纤维和纸张纤维是常见纤维质文物材料,是构成博物馆精美文物如服饰手稿书画的基本材料,近年来寻求通过无损或微损方法对这一类材料的鉴别以及劣化状况评价备受文物鉴赏家和文物保护工作者的关注。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱,研究博物馆常见纺织纤维材料棉、麻、桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝、羊毛的红外光谱特征和它们的分子结构组成异同,研究传统纸纤维稻草、麦草、龙须草、龙旗松、桑皮红外光谱特征。结果表明：衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱无损分析技术可通过比较3 300~2 800cm^-1 CH,NH,OH振动区间光谱形状以及指纹区峰位以区别不同种类纺织品纤维;碳氧振动纸张纤维最明显光谱差异位置出现在与纤维素OH伸缩振动相关波数3 300cm^-1和与C—O—C相关波数1 332,1 203,1 050cm^-1。文章探索研究红外光谱技术结合主成分分析法在快速鉴别纤维材料中的应用。通过对全光谱数据多元散射校正（MSC）预处理后进行主成分分析,可以把红外光谱十分相似的纺织纤维棉和亚麻、桑蚕丝和柞蚕丝明显分类;对光谱相似的纸纤维,可采用选择不同光谱波数段进行主成分分析,比较发现能够把五种纸纤维明显区分的光谱区间为3 800~2 800cm^-1。本研究为分子光谱无损分析技术应用于文物材料鉴别、科学评估纤维材料保存状况提供基础研究。Cultural fibrous material includes both important categories ,i .e .textile and paper ,consisting of precious cultural ma-terials in museum ,such as costume ,painting ,and manuscript .In recent years more and more connoisseur and conservator’s concerns are ,through nondestructive method ,the authenticity and the ageing identification of these cultural relics especially made from fragile materials .In this research ,we used attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy to identify five traditional＆amp;nbsp;textile fibers ,alongside cotton ,linen ,wool ,mulberry silk and tussah silk ,and another five paper fibers alongside straw ,wheat straw ,long qisong ,Chinese alpine rush and mulberry bar ,which are commonly used for making Chinese traditional xuan paper . The research result showed that the animal fiber （wool ,mulberry silk and tussah silk） and plant fiber （cotton and linen） were easier to be distinguished by comparing the peaks at 3 280 cm-1 belonging to N H stretching vibration and a serious peaks related to amide Ⅰ to amide Ⅲ .In the spectrum of wool ,the peak at 1 076 cm^-1 was assigned to the S—O stretching vibration absorp-tion of cystine in wool structure and can be used to tell wool from silk .The spectrum of mulberry silk and tussah silk seems somewhat difficult to be identified ,as well as the spectrum of cotton and linen .Five rural paper fibers all have obvious character-istic peaks at 3 330 ,2 900 cm-1 which are related to OH and CH stretching vibration .In the fingerprint wavenumber range of 1 600~800 cm^-1 ,the similar peaks also appeared at 1 370 ,1 320 cm-1 and 1 162 ,1 050 cm^-1 ,both group peaks respectively are related to CH and CO vibration in the structure of cellulose and hemicellulose in paper fibers .Although there is more similar-ity of the infrared spectroscopy of these 5 paper fibers ,some tiny difference in absorbance also can be found at 3 300 cm-1 and in the fingerprint range at 1 332 ,1 203 ,and 1 050 cm^-1 which are related to C—O—C vibration in cellulo

关 键 词：纺织品纤维 纸纤维 红外光谱 主成分分析 

分 类 号：G262[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]