利用微波遥感土壤水分产品监测东北地区春涝范围和程度  

Moisture Derived from Microwave Remote Sensing in Northeast China

作　　者：郑兴明[1,2] 赵凯[1,2] 李晓峰[1,2] 丁艳玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春131012 [2]中国科学院净月潭遥感实验站,吉林长春131012

出　　处：《地理科学》2015年第3期334-339,共6页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(42001201;41301369);863专题(2012AA120905)项目资助

摘　　要：地表土壤水分是判断农田涝害的直接数据源，以欧洲太空局1978~2010年微波遥感土壤水分产品、2013年SMOS MIRASL3级土壤水分产品和气象站点的月降水数据为基础，结合土壤水分距平指数和土壤水分异常指数，分析2013年东北地区春涝影响范围和严重程度。结果表明：①东北地区以黑龙江省受涝面积最大，约11万km2，约占黑龙江省总面积的1／4；②比较多年的月降水数据与涝灾程度，发现冬春季节强降水是引发春涝的主要原因之一；③春涝的严重程度与高程呈现负相关关系，涝灾区域多集中在高程500m以下。Waterlogging is a common natural disaster which may delay sowing time of crops. The identification of the watedogging before sowing crop is conducive for constructing prevention facilities and reducing losses. Land surface soil moisture is the most direct data for monitoring farmland waterlogging. Soil moisture product from satellite remote sensing data with near real-time and large coverage characteristics is very suitable for de- tecting soil moisture variation regionally. In this article, the 1978-2010 microwave remote sensing merged soil moisture product developed by Europe Space Agency, the SMOS MIRAS 2013 L3 10-day soil moisture prod- uct and monthly precipitation data from meteorological stations are used to discriminate the extent and severity of spring waterlogging in Northeast China based on Soil Moisture Departure Index （SMDI） and Soil Moisture Anomaly Index （SMA）. Take the mean soil moisture of 30-year as the reference value, the soil moisture in late April, early May and mid May of 2013 is compared with the reference value of soil moisture, and the waterlog- ging event can be inferred by the fixed domain value. After the extent and severity of waterlogging are identi- fied, we analyze the relationship between the waterlogging event and monthly precipitation, also the relation- ship of the severity of waterlogging of one place with its elevation. Through these analysis, some results are summarized as below： 1） Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China has the largest area affected by the 2013 waterlogging event and the waterlogging affected area is about approximately 110 000 km2, accounting for about a quarter of its total area; 2） Comparing monthly precipitation data with the degree of waterlogging, it is found that heavy rainfall （including snow） in winter and spring is the main reason for spring-waterlogging; 3） The severity of the spring waterlogging negatively correlates with elevation, and the waterlogging area are dis- tributed below the 500 m elevation.

关 键 词：春涝 土壤水分 微波遥感 土壤水分异常 

分 类 号：P407[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]