硬厚岩层下逆断层采动应力演化与断层活化特征  

Characteristic of mining stress evolution and activation of the reverse fault below the hard-thick strata

作　　者：蒋金泉[1] 武泉林[2] 曲华[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制重点实验室,山东泰安271002 [2]山东科技大学矿业与安全工程学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2015年第2期267-277,共11页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51374139);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2013EEM018);山东科技大学科研创新团队支持计划资助项目

摘　　要：上覆硬厚岩层受逆断层切割后,工作面顶板运动、采动应力会有异常变化。采用三维数值计算方法,模拟分析了上、下盘工作面向逆断层推进过程中的采动应力演化特征、煤层顶板运动特征及断层活化规律,并采用工程实例进行了分析验证。研究表明:在逆断层切割作用下,上盘工作面围岩呈倒楔形,采动应力向底板深处、顶板高处转移,围岩应力集中程度大于下盘工作面。下盘工作面与上盘工作面相比,采动应力受工作面与断层距离的影响较大。巨厚岩浆岩及其下部岩层形成类似"杠杆"结构,造成煤层顶板的下沉和反弹。逆断层下盘工作面煤层直接顶断层带活化的可能性大于上盘工作面,高位岩浆岩断层带活化的可能性小于下盘工作面。下盘工作面与逆断层距离40 m时断层开始活化;上盘工作面与逆断层距离40 m时,煤层直接顶断层带开始活化,与逆断层距离30 m时高位岩浆岩断层带开始活化。There will be changes in roof movement and mining stress after overlying hard-thick strata cut by reverse fault. By using three-dimensional numerical calculation method, this paper analyzed the characteristics of mining stress evolution ,roof movement and fault activation rule, and also used the engineering example to verify it. Study results show that under the effect of reverse fault cutting, the surrounding rock of hanging wall working face appears as inverted wedge ,the mining stress transfers to deep below the floor and high above the roof,and the surrounding rock stress concentration is greater than that at lower face. Compared with the hanging wall working face, the mining stress of footwall working face is greatly influenced by the distance between working face and fault. The magmata rock and its lower strata form the structure similar to ＇ leverage＇ , which causes the subsidence and rebound of coal seam roof. The possibility of immediate roof fault zone activation of reverse fault at footwall working face is greater than that at hanging wall working face, while the possibility of the high position magmata fault zone activation is less than that at footwall working face. The fault starts the activation when the distance between footwall working face and reverse fault is 40 m. When the distance between hanging wall working face and reverse fault is 40 m, the immediate roof fault zone start activation,while the high magmata rock fault zone starts activation when the distance is 30 m.

关 键 词：逆断层 巨厚岩浆岩 采动应力分布 顶板运动 断层活化 

分 类 号：TD323[矿业工程—矿井建设]